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    Chap 2

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    KS Yamuna
    This document discusses the hallmarks of scientific research which include purposiveness, rigor, testability, replicability, precision, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It provides an example of how these could apply to researching how to increase employee commitment at a company. The example outlines how the research would be purposeful, rigorous, testable, replicable, precise, objective, generalizable, and parsimonious. Additionally, the document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches and the hypothetico-deductive research process.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chap 2

    Uploaded by

    KS Yamuna
    11 views11 pages
    This document discusses the hallmarks of scientific research which include purposiveness, rigor, testability, replicability, precision, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It provides an example of how these could apply to researching how to increase employee commitment at a company. The example outlines how the research would be purposeful, rigorous, testable, replicable, precise, objective, generalizable, and parsimonious. Additionally, the document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches and the hypothetico-deductive research process.

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    This document discusses the hallmarks of scientific research which include purposiveness, rigor, testability, replicability, precision, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It provides an example of how these could apply to researching how to increase employee commitment at a company. The example outlines how the research would be purposeful, rigorous, testable, replicable, precise, objective, generalizable, and parsimonious. Additionally, the document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches and the hypothetico-deductive research process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views11 pages

    Chap 2

    Uploaded by

    KS Yamuna
    This document discusses the hallmarks of scientific research which include purposiveness, rigor, testability, replicability, precision, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It provides an example of how these could apply to researching how to increase employee commitment at a company. The example outlines how the research would be purposeful, rigorous, testable, replicable, precise, objective, generalizable, and parsimonious. Additionally, the document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning approaches and the hypothetico-deductive research process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 2

    Scientific Investigation

    Slide 2-2
    Hallmarks of Scientific Research:

     Hallmarks or main distinguishing


    characteristics of scientific research:
     Purposiveness
     Rigor
     Testability
     Replicability
     Precision and Confidence
     Objectivity
     Generalizability
     Parsimony
    Slide 2-3
    Example: A manager is interested in investigating
    how employees’ commitment to the company can be
    increased…

    1) Purposive
    • Definite aim; focus on the increasing the commitment of
    employees to the company:
    • Lower turnover
    • Less absenteeism, increased performance levels
    2) Rigour
    • Based on a good theoretical base and sound
    methodological design
    • To decide what critical factors need to be measured as
    determinants
    • Interview 5 to 10 employees??

    3) Testability (using appropriate statistical tools)


    • Develop a set of research questions or hypothesis to be
    tested
    • Hypothesis are derived from theory, based on logical beliefs
    and previous scientific research..
    • How employee commitment can be enhanced? And can be
    tested… (employees who perceived greater opportunities
    for participation in decision making will have a higher level
    of commitment)
    4) Replicability
    • The results of the test of research objectives should be
    supported again and again when same type of R is being
    repeated in other, similar circumstances (others compnies
    with similar approach)
    • Provide confidence in claiming the findings - reflective of
    true state of affairs in population (not by chance)

    5) Accuracy
    • Ensure findings very close to reality
    • Sampling errors: Sample vs population
    • Measurement errors: scale (may affect quality of data)
    6) Objectivity
    • Conclusion should based on results of data analysis, NOT
    from own subjective or emotional values
    • Make no sense to argue based on preconception

    7) Generalizability
    • Refers to the applicability of R in one organizational setting
    to other settings
    • Eg. find “participation in decision making ” is critical
    factor – is found true for a variety of other service sectors,
    manufacturing, industrial…. enhance the G.
    8) Parsimony
    • A simple approach in explaining the current problem and
    finding solution is preferred to complex research
    framework
    • Restrict to few factors vs 15 factors
    • Lesser number of variables that explain the variance more
    efficiently that a complex set of variables that would only
    marginally add to the variance explained.
    Hypothetico-Deductive Research
     The Seven-Step Process in the
    Hypothetico-Deductive Method
     Identify a broad problem area
     Define the problem statement
     Develop hypotheses
     Determine measures
     Data collection
     Data analysis
     Interpretation of data
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LGuNn9Q0bI
    Slide 2-9
    Deduction and Induction

     Deductive reasoning: application of a


    general theory to a specific case.
     Hypothesis testing

     Inductive reasoning: a process where we


    observe specific phenomena and on this
    basis arrive at general conclusions.
     Counting white swans

     Both inductive and deductive processes


    are often used in research.
    Slide 2-10
    Approaches to business research

    Deductive reasoning
     testing or confirming hypotheses
     cycle from theories down to
    observations

    Inductive reasoning:
     Specific observations to generalizations
    and theories
     “Bottom up" approach

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