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    Functional Groups, Structural Isomerism, and Simple Reactions

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    This document discusses functional groups, structural isomerism, and simple organic reactions. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups that give characteristic properties to compounds. Main functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, amines, and carboxylic acids. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different atom arrangements. Reaction types covered are combustion, addition, and elimination.

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    Functional Groups, Structural Isomerism, and Simple Reactions

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    pau
    35 views13 pages
    This document discusses functional groups, structural isomerism, and simple organic reactions. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups that give characteristic properties to compounds. Main functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, amines, and carboxylic acids. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different atom arrangements. Reaction types covered are combustion, addition, and elimination.

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    Grade 11-STEM General Chemistry Quarter II

    Original Title

    Functional groups, Structural Isomerism, and Simple reactions

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    This document discusses functional groups, structural isomerism, and simple organic reactions. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups that give characteristic properties to compounds. Main functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, amines, and carboxylic acids. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different atom arrangements. Reaction types covered are combustion, addition, and elimination.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views13 pages

    Functional Groups, Structural Isomerism, and Simple Reactions

    Uploaded by

    pau
    This document discusses functional groups, structural isomerism, and simple organic reactions. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups that give characteristic properties to compounds. Main functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, amines, and carboxylic acids. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different atom arrangements. Reaction types covered are combustion, addition, and elimination.

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    of 13

    GROUP 4

    GENERAL CHEMISTRY

    Functional Groups, Structural Isomerism and


    Simple Reactions
    Hydrocarbons - are molecules containing hydrogen amd
    carbon only
    Functional Groups - an atom or group of atoms that give
    characteristic properties to the compounds in which they
    are present
    Some of the main players of functional groups includes:
    R- represents the “rest of the molecule”. It consists of a
    group of carbon and hydrogen atoms of any size.
    FUNCTIONAL GROUPS EXAMPLES
    Alcohol R— OH

    Aldehydes R—CHO

    Alkylehalides R—X

    Aamines R—NH2

    Carboxylic acids R—COOH

    ketones R—CO—R

    Ether R—O—R
    Alcohol —OH

    Methane Alkyl Radical Alcohol (hydroxyl)

    functional
    group

    —OH
    changes the
    function of
    alkyl radical
    represented by R Methanol
    (Methyl Alcohol)
    Ether —O—

    Alkyl Radical Ether

    functional
    group

    —O—
    changes the
    function of Dimethyl Ether
    represented by R alkyl radical
    STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
    Isomers- are molecules that have the same molecular
    formula, but have different arrangement of the atoms.

    Butane
    First Isomer Second Isomer

    C4H10
    C4H10
    Chain Isomerism- shows different skeletons of carbon atom
    due to branching while keeping the same molecular
    formula.
    Normal Butane (n-butane) Isobotane

    C4H10
    C4H10
    Straight-chain molecule Branched-chain molecule
    boiling point: -0.5°C boiling point: -12°C
    Position Isomerism- two or more compound having same
    molecular formula, same functional group, but different
    position of functional group.
    C3H7Br

    1-bromopropane
    2-bromopropane
    Functional Group Isomerism- the compounds having the
    same molecular formula but different functional groups

    Propanal (an Aldehyde) Propanone (a Ketone)

    C3H6O C3H6O
    REACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    1. Combustion of fuels- is a chemical process in which a
    substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, releasing heat energy.
    It involves burning organic compounds such as Alkanes.
    reaction of Butane with Oxygen:

    2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)


    2. Addition- this occurs when two reactants add together to
    form a single new product with no atoms “left-over”.
    Unsaturated hydrocarbon- is a type of hydrocarbon which
    has at least one double bond, triple bond, or ring in its
    carbon chain.
    Saturated hydrocarbon- hydrocarbons that contain only
    single bonds between carbon atoms.

    Unsaturated Addition Saturated


    hydrocarbon reaction hydrocarbon
    reaction of ethene with HCl:

    Ethene Hydrogen Chloride Chloroethane


    3. Elimination

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