Couseling

Objectives
Unit V:
Counselling
1. Demonstrate understanding of the counseling process.

2. Demonstrate understanding of applying counseling techniques in various
scenarios.
Counselling
Counselling is a talking therapy that allows people to discuss their problems
with trained professionals in a peaceful and safe ambiance.
Counseling is a process where clients are helped in dealing with their personal
and interpersonal conflicts by a third-party therapist.
• According to Pepinsky and Pepinsky, Counseling is that interaction

which occurs between two individuals called counsellor and client.
• According to Indu Dave, ‘’Counseling is a scientific process of assistance

extended by an expert in an individual situation to a needy person.
Principal of counseling
 It is a Universal service which can be given to any client of any age, sex or
nationality there is no discrimination
 It can be given in groups or individually depending on the nature of the
problem faced by the client.
 The technique and method used should be adapted to the need of the client,
his background, his problems, his time available and resources in hand.
 Counseling is an assistance and not education and advice giving.

 Counseling is not solving the problems of others, rather it is helping others to
learn to solve their own problems. Counseling is helping people to learn for
themselves.
 The counselor must be optimistic in his attitude that even if there are
handicaps and limitations yet people can find ways o overcome them.
Conti….
 The faith and optimism of a counselor should not be based on sentiments.

It should be grounded in objective facts.
 The counselor must generate the skill empathy and avoid showing
sympathy.
 The counselor must also develop the attitude of acceptance.
 Counseling takes place in a confidential manner. This is essential to build up
the trust of the client.
 There should be a lot of flexibility in the attitude of the counsellor. Rigidity

may ruin a good counseling session.
 Counsellor cannot afford to be an absolutist. He has to think in relative
terms in our daily lives we do not live in terms of absolute blacks and
whites but rather shades of grey.
Difference b/w Guidance and counseling
• Counseling is a scientific process of • Guidance is supposed to enlighten the
assistance extended by an expert in individual regarding a new place, subject
an individual situation to a needy or situation. The guide must possess
person. extensive and intensive knowledge about
the way ahead in terms of its ease and
• Counselling is concerned with difficulties.
bringing change in one’s personality • Guidance is concerned with helping a
for desirable adjustment. person bring about the best possible
• Counselling is take place in a utilization of his capacities and recourses.
therapeutic setting. • Guidance is take place in an educational
• In counselling, the client’s and occupational setting.
weaknesses are diagnosed and the • In guidance the attempt is made to
necessary therapy is made available. discover the counselee's strengths.
• Counselling is based on the fact that • Guidance is based on the fact that there
the client is maladjusted. are various options and helps the client in
choosing the best option he has.
Types of
Counselling
1. Marriage and family counseling
2. Career counseling
3. Rehabilitation counseling
4. Mental health counseling
5. Substance abuse counseling
6. Educational Counseling
Goals of counseling
• The goals of Counselling can be summed as follows;
1. To help the counsellee, become self actualizing.

2. To help the counsellee, attain self realization.
3. To help become a fully functioning person.
4. To achieve positive mental health.
5. To resolve the problems of the counsellee.
6. To improve the personal effectiveness of the client.
7. To modifying the maladaptive behavior of the counsellee.
Techniques used in counselling process
• The three major techniques used in counselling process in schools.
The techniques are:
1. Directive Counselling
2. Non-Directive Counselling
3. Eclectic Counselling.
Conti…..
1. Directive Counselling
• In this counselling the counsellor plays an active role as it is

regarded as a means of helping people how to learn to solve their
own problems.
• This type of counselling is otherwise known as counsellor-centred
counselling.
• Because in this counselling the counsellor does everything himself
i.e. analysis, synthesis, diagnosis, prognosis, prescription and
follow-up.
Conti……
2. Non-directive counselling
• Non-directive counselling is another types of counseling which is also

known as permissive counselling or client oriented counselling.
• In this type of counselling the counselee or client or pupil, not the
counsellor is the pivot of the counselling process.
• He plays an active role and this type of counselling is a growing process.
• In this counselling the goal is the independence and integration of the

client rather than the solution of the problem.
• Counsellee is given full freedom to talk about his problems and work out
a solution.
Conti…..
3. Eclectic Counselling
• Eclectic counselling is a combination of directive and non-directive

technique depending upon the situational factors.
• This approach in counselling is best characterized by its freedom to
the counsellor to use whatever procedures or techniques seem to
be the most appropriate to any particular time for any particular
client.
Stages of Counseling
G = Greet the client in a friendly, helpful and respectful way.
A = Ask client about needs, concerns and previous use.
T = Tell client about different options and methods
H = Help client to make decision about choice of method
he /she prefer.
E = Explain to client how to use the method.
R = Return, schedule and carry out return visit and follow up of client.

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Objectives

1. Demonstrate understanding of the counseling process.

• According to Pepinsky and Pepinsky, Counseling is that interaction

• According to Indu Dave, ‘’Counseling is a scientific process of assistance

 Counseling is an assistance and not education and advice giving.

 The faith and optimism of a counselor should not be based on sentiments.

 There should be a lot of flexibility in the attitude of the counsellor. Rigidity

1. To help the counsellee, become self actualizing.

• In this counselling the counsellor plays an active role as it is

• Non-directive counselling is another types of counseling which is also

• In this counselling the goal is the independence and integration of the

• Eclectic counselling is a combination of directive and non-directive

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