PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

OF POTATO

By:
Dr. B. Sakthivel
Asst.Prof.
Dept. of Horticulture,
Jaya agricultural
college
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
 Scientific name: Solanum tuberosum
 Family : Solanaceae
 Chromosome no: 2n=48
 Centre of origin: South America

IMPORTANT RESEARCH STATION

RELATED TO POTATO:
Central Potato Research Institute
(CPRI), Kufri, Shimla, HP
International Potato Centre(CPI), Lima ,
Peru
IMPORTANCE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE:
Potato is highly nutritious, easily digestible and
whole some food.
A glycoalkaloid called solanin(5mg/100g) is
found
 Rich source of carbohydrate and Vitamin A
 Some amount of protein(1.6%) is also found
It is processed into chips, french fries and
canned foods
 Potato starch(farina) used in textile
industries
 Alcohol prepared from potato-Vodka

AREA AND DISTRIBUTION:

In India, Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer
followed
In World,
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byChina is the leading producer followed
West Bengal.
by India(Production).
BOTANY:
 Fruit type- berry
 Flower- hermaphrodite
 self pollinated crop
CLASSIFICATION OF POTATO BASED ON
MATURITY:
Groups Name of variety

Early (2-21/2 months Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Chamatkar,

from sowing to Kufri Alankar, Kufri Ashoka
harvest)
Mid(21/2-41/2 months Kufri Kisan, Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Lalima,
from sowing to
harvest)
Late(41/2-51/2 months Kufri Safed, Kufri Jeevan, Kufri Neela
from sowin4g to
harvest)
Important Variety name
Characteristics
Resistant to late Kufri Badshah, Kufri jyoti,
blight Kufri Kanchan, Kufri Himsona
Processing Kufri Chipsona 1, Kufri
varieties Chipsona 2, Kufrii frysona,
Kufri surya

Resistant to Kufri Swarna, Kufri Dewa

golden cyst
nematode

Resistant to frost Kufri Sheetman, Kufri

Chipsona 2

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

CLIMATE:
Cool season crop so low temperature, low
humidity and bright sunny days are required.
 Temp. for germination of tuber 250C
 Temp. for vegetative growth 200C
 Temp. for tuber growth 17-190C
 Annual rainfall of 120-200 cm

SOIL:
friable, porous, well drained sandy loam to
clay loam soil.
 pH -5.5 to 6.5

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PLANTING SEASON:
 In Kharif season, end of june to early july
 In rabi season, early november

PROPAGATION:
 vegetatively propagated using seed tubers
 seed rate-1500-2000kg/ha
 large tubers are cut and make in 2 halves
 weight of seed tuber-30-40 gms
 diameter of seed tuber- 3.5-5 cm
cut tubers are covered with gunny bags for 2-3
days for suberization, otherwise it will rot.

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PRE SPROUTING:
It has a tuber dormancy for 8-10 weeks, so seed
tubers are stored
seed tubers after removing from cold storage
should be kept in diffused light for 10- 15 days to
develop short, thick and green sprouts.
Tubers treated with 1% thiourea + 1 ppm
GA3 for 1 hr.

METHOD OF PLANTING:
 Ridge and furrow
 spacing- 60 cm x 20 cm
sprouted tubers are planted in furrows at 20- 25
cm sprout facing upwards
 furrow are made at 60 cm distance
cover the tubers by making ridges at 15 cm ht
over furrows.
 MANURES AND
FERTILISERS:
FYM-15-30 t/ha
 NPK: 125:100:125 Kg/ha NPK

IRRIGATION:
potato has high water requirement for good
growth and development
 First irrigation given immediately after planting
 Subsequent irrigation at 8-10 days interval
crop should be protected from moisture stress
during stolon initiation and tuberisation otherwise it
may delay maturity of crop.

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INTERCULTURE:
 Weeding-
1st immediately before earthing up
50-60 days after planting
Pre
 2n emergence weedicide-alachlor, simazine and
to dbe applied within five days of planting.

 Earthing up-
 done about 25 days after planting.
helps in better tuber development and avoid
potato tuber moth
if left exposed to sunlight they will start to
synthesize anthocyanin and chlorophyll and the
chlorophyll checks accumulation of starch in tubers
resulting in small tubers with bitter taste due to
solanin.
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TUBER FORMATION:
 potato bears tubers at stolon end
stolon arises from lower nodes and starts to form
20-25 days after planting
usually, tubers start to form in about 30-35 days after
planting from apical and sub apical region of stolon.

DEHAULMING:
this is a cutting operation which is practised 10- 12
days before harvesting to help potato skin to mature
quickly by removing active haulms once potatoes
reach maturity
very essential for seed potatoes and to store in cold
storages.
In this irrigation is stopped 10 days prior to
haulming.
HARVESTING:
Time of harvesting of potato depends upon
variety and weather conditions
 complete drying of the plant
 crop duration varies from 75 days to 170 days
Kharif crops come to harvest during end of
september to early october
Rabi crops by the end of january and early
february

YIELD:
 Early type-20-25 t/ha
 Late-30-35 t/ha
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Why to go for TPS (True potato seed)
This technique was developed by
Dr.S.Ramanujan
TPS is the matured ovule of potato resulting
from sexual fertilisation
Seeds are raised in nursery and transplanted in main
field.

Disadvantage of seed tubers:

Bulk nature is a problem for transportation
which increases seed cost.
Inadequate supply of seed tubers at an
affordable cost

 storage losses due to rotting of tubers

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Advantages of TPS: True potato seed

required in small quantity 100-

150gm/ha
 free from viral diseases
storage loss of seed tubers can be
avoided
low pest and disease and low cost of
production

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 PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS:

Sl Name Cause
no.
1. Greening  Exposure to sunlight
 Improper earthing up
2. Internal brown  Moisture deficiency
spot
3. Black heart  Poor ventilation

4. Hollow heart  Excessive nitrogen

5. Chilling injury  Low temperature-00C

6. Freezing injury Low temperature-1 to -

15
2 0C
Internal brown spot Greening

Black heart Hollow heart

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 DISEASES:
Sl Disease name Symptoms Remedy
No
.
1. Late blight Symptoms seen on all Infected plant
(Phytophthora parts, Affected leaves material should be
infestans) appear blistered, in later destroyed, Spray
stage leaves dry out dithane M-45 at 10-
and colour turns from 12 days interval,
brown to black, dark grow resistant var.
brown colour spots like Kufri Navtal
appear on skin of tuber.

2. Bacterial wilt Symptoms seen all the parts of Destroy infected

(Ralstonia plant, infected plants begin to plant material, grow
solanacerum) wilt, oozing out of fluid from resistant variety
tuber.

3. Potato wart Greenish yellowish warty Soil sterilisation,

(Synchytricum growth on base of stem, grow resistant
infected tubers also develop variety Kufri jyoti,
endobioticum) warty growth. Kufri Kanchna
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Sl Disease name Symptoms Remedy
No.
4. Soft rot Encouraged by cool Use quality
(Erwinia damp conditions, seeds , avoid
caratovora) lesions develop as mechanical
well as tuber is injury
damaged
5. Potato scab Cork like lesions Seed
(Streptomyces appear on surface of treatment
spp.) tuber with
fungicides,
Grow
resistant var
like Kufri
Sutlej

6. Leaf roll(PLR) Upward rolling of leaf Apply

(Virus) margin of young leaves, thiomethoxa
Transmitted by affected leaves are slight m control
Aphid pale to purplish in aphid.
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colour
 Late blight of potato

Bacterial wilt Potato wart

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Potato scab Soft rot

20 Potato leaf roll

 INSECT PEST
Sl Pest name Damage Remedy
No
.
1. Aphid Leaf size become Apply
(Myzus persicae) small, severe thiomethoxam
infestation results 600g/ha at the
wilting time o planting
in furrows.

2. Cut worm Damage both plant Clean

(Agrotis ipsilon) and tuber, bore cultivation,
holes in tuber Apply
Indoxacarb
130g/ha
3. Potato tuber Caterpillars bore Timely
moth into the tuber and earthing up,
(Pthorimea fill it with excreta spray 0.1%
opercullela) carbaryl at
15
21 days
interval
 Aphid Cut worm

Potato tuber moth

THANK YOU

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