Humanitarian Assistance, Social Services

during Disaster Situations & DSWD

National Response Plan

Presented by:

ERIC R. ROSILLO, LPT, MCDRM

National Cadre on Crisis & Disaster Risk Management
DILG-PPSC MCDRM Class KADASIG, 2019-6876
Local DRRM Officer III
 Scope of Presentation

• United Nations Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA)
• International & Local Coordination Mechanism
& Cluster Approach During Disaster Relief
• DSWD National Response Action Plan
 Objectives
• Participants will be able to know the
Coordination mechanism in doing humanitarian
efforts;
• Participants will be able to work effectively with
their local counterpart in giving social services
and relief assistance;
• Participants will be able to learn the DSWD
National Response Plan according to their
respective agencies.
Video Clip of Humanitarian Principle
What is Humanitarian Assistance? When Is It Needed?
Objectives of Humanitarian Assistance

To save lives, alleviate suffering, and minimize the

economic costs of conflict, disasters and displacement.
Humanitarian assistance is provided on the basis of
need according to principles of universality, impartiality
and human dignity.
Source: UN OCHA
UN OCHA is part of the United Nations Secretariat
responsible for bringing together humanitarian actors to
ensure a coherent response to emergencies & disasters.
OCHA also ensures there is a framework within which each
actor can contribute to the overall response effort.
 The State of the Displaced (as of end 2010)
• 43.7 million people forcibly displaced,
the highest number in 15 years. This
includes;
– 15.4 million refugees (including
Palestinians)
– 27.5 million internally displaced
– 837,500 asylum seekers

• Largest numbers of refugees are in

Pakistan (1.9 million), Iran (1.1 million)
and Syria (1 million).

• 7.2 million refugees in protracted

situations across 24 countries.

• Refugees and asylum seekers gravitate

to urban areas and IDPs to rural areas.
Refugee returnees in both rural and
urban areas.
UN OCHA Data Displaced Individuals as of
2020

More than 82 million people

worldwide are forcibly
displaced due to conflict and
natural disasters.
What are Some Challenges in Providing Humanitarian Assistance?
 Emerging Challenges, New Approaches
• Increasing displacement as a result
of conflict and natural disasters.
– People affected by natural disasters
increased from 150 million in 1990
to 300 million in 2008

• Population growth, urbanization

• Relief to development gap

• Mixed migration flows

• Environmental degradation (human

made, climate change, etc.)
 Who is Responsible for Refugee Health?
• The Host Government

• The United Nations High

Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)

• United Nations Relief and Works

Agency

• Support from other IOs and NGOs

– IOs: World Health Organization
(WHO), United Nations Children’s
Fund (UNICEF)
– NGOs: International Rescue
Committee (IRC), International Medical
Corps (IMC), local groups, etc.

• Financial/Diplomatic support from

governments essential.
Who is Responsible for the Health of IDPs?
• The Host Government. However…

• Under the Cluster Approach, the World

Health Organization (WHO) facilitates
coordination among health actors.
– Ex: Haiti Earthquake (2010)
– Ex: Pakistan Floods (2010)
– Ex: Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda 2013)
– Ex: Typhoon BOPHA (Pablo 2012)

• Other Important Clusters:

– UNICEF leads WASH and Nutrition Clusters
– WFP leads the Food cluster.
– UNEP leads on “Environment” as an issue
cutting across all clusters.
 Best Practices in Refugee Health
• Health services for refugees are
accessible to the host community.

• Health services are provided at a level

comparable to that of the host country.

• Health services meet minimum

standards, as laid out in the Sphere
Handbook and UNHCR Guidelines.

• Programs build the capacity of refugees

to plan, carry out and monitor health
programs.

• Programs take into account age, gender,

and diversity (Sex Disaggregated Data).
 Environmental Issue # One: Land
• Refugee camps often located on marginal land
– Prone to floods, droughts, breeding ground for
mosquitoes.
– Having qualified site planners is critical.
– Short term versus long term planning
• Refugee camps never meant to be
permanent, but often exist for decades.
• Additional land must be negotiated.

• Access to land for agriculture often restricted

– Denied in Kenya, granted in Uganda.
– Implications for food security.

• Lack of formal land tenure systems

– Both a development and humanitarian issue.
– A source of conflict in many countries, but no one
UN Agency is responsible for land tenure.
• Ex: Land, shelter, and solutions in Haiti.
• Ex: UNHCR assistance in mediating land
disputes for returnees to the DRC.
 Environmental Issue # Two: Water
• Why is water a critical issue?
– Promotes public health, reduces patient visits
to health clinics.
– Reduces social burden on women and
children as well as protection risks.

• What causes water programs to fall

short?
– Lack of technical input/capacity, especially in
remote and isolated areas.
– Lack of community involvement.
– Lack of preventative maintenance.
– Lack of ongoing monitoring and evaluation.
– Lack of long term strategic planning.
 Water (Cont.)
• Water is also important for livelihoods!
– Livestock, brick building, gardens

• Sphere Standards for Water

– Quality: 0 Fecal Choliforms per 100 ml at points of
delivery.

– Quantity: 20/liters of water/person/day

– Access: 1 tap per 250 people.

– Distance: 500 meters from water point to

household

– Time: No more than 3 minutes to fill a 20 liter

container
Kenya: What Does This Picture Tell You?
 Environmental Issue # Three: Sanitation
• Sphere Standards for Sanitation
– Number: Maximum 20 people/latrine
working toward one latrine/family as
soon as possible.
– Protection: Separate latrines for men
and women, no more than 50 meters
from dwellings.

• Complicating Factors
– Topography: Terrain may not be
conducive to digging latrines
– Ownership: Land-owners may resist
latrine digging on properties that have
become IDP sites.
– Natural Disasters: Flooding can
destroy latrines, cause health hazards.
Is This An Acceptable Latrine?
What Does This Picture Tell You?
In the Philippines, UNHCR provides Temporary Shelter during Super
Typhoon Haiyan
 DSWD
Disaster Response
Management
Operations
 NATIONAL DISASTER
RESPONSE PLAN (NDRP)
 CONCEPT OF NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE SYSTEM

Pre-Disaster During-Disaster Post-Disaster

 PAGASA Early Warning
Triggers for Request from LGUs
 NDRRMC Advisory
Activation Reports or NO reports
of Incident/Disaster
PDNA
CLUSTER APPROACH
Early Recovery
RDANA

FOOD/NFI Mobility Resources

CCCM
OPERATION PROTOCOL
HEALTH
1. Rationale
Education 2. Objective
ETC 3. Concept Operations
Logistics 4. Operations Flow (from LGU to NGAs)
SRR 5. Lead Cluster Agencies
6. Cluster Member Agencies
MDM
7. Roles and Responsibilities

Coordination, Collaboration, Communication and Cooperation

International Humanitarian Community

 Organizational Structure
RESPONSE CLUSTER

Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)
Operational
Coordinator
(OCD)

EDUCATION HEALTH IHR LOGISTICS MDM PROTECTION

(DepEd) (DOH) (DFA) (OCD) (DILG) (DSWD)

FNI SRR LO ETC CCCM

(DSWD) (DND-AFP) (DILG-PNP) (OCD) (DSWD)
 Membership of the
RESPONSE CLUSTER

Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)

Operational
Coordinator
(OCD)

EDUCATION
DOH, DSWD, DPWH, HEALTH
DSWD, DOF, DSWD,
DILG, DepED, IHR
DOJ-BI, LOGISTICS
DFA, DPWH, DOH, MDM PROTECTION
TESDA, OCD, DOH, DOTC, OCD, OCD, DSWD, DOH,
(DepEd)
PHIVOLCS, MGB, DOTC,(DOH)
DFA, DOST, (DFA) DOTC, (OCD)
DILG, DSWD, (DILG) (DSWD)
DENR, PRC, WHO, BoC, AFP, DFA, AFP, BFP, PCG, DFA, NBI, PRC,
BFP, PNP, PHIVOLCS and other PPA, PNP, CAAP, PNP, IFRC, ICRC,
UNICEF,Save the UNICEF, PLAN
International, Save theorganizations MIAA, WFP and and Private /
Children, Plan acknowledged by Private / Volunteers Volunteer Groups
Children, World Vision,
International, World NDRRMC Groups acknowledged acknowledged by
DPWH,
Vision, DA,
Private WFP, Private and
andDOH, OCD, DOH-HEMS, DILG, DA,
Volunteers acknowledged by NDRRMC NDRRMC
AFP, PNP,
Volunteer GroupsFNI BFP, SRR DepED, dpwh,
DILG,
by NDRRMC DOH, DPWH, LAO ETC CCCM
PHILVOLCS, MGB, PCG,
PHIVOLCS,
acknowledged NFA, PRC,
by
(DSWD)
BFP, WFP, World (DND-AFP)
DFA, OCD, MMDA,DILG, (DILG-PNP)
DOH, AFP, (OCD)
DSWD, DOH, (DSWD)
BFP, AFP, OCD, NHA,
NDRRMC NBI, PRC, PNP, BFP,BFP, BJMP, OCD, DPWH, NTC,
Vision, IOM, FAO, NCC, PRC, WFP, World
MGB, NBI, PCG, PCG, PRC, NBI, AFP, BFP, PCG,
ADRA, and other Vision, International
IFRC, ICRC, REACT BOC, and all PNP, PIA, PRC
organizations Organization for
and Private / volunteers groups and Private /
acknowledged by Migration, FAO, and other
Volunteer Groups acknowledged by Volunteer Groups
NDRRMC organizations
NDRRMC acknowledged by
acknowledged by
NDRRMC
NDRRMC
 Operations Protocol
(NDRP for Hydro-Met, Earthquake and Tsumanis)

LEGEND:
HCT, NGO, Emergency
Incident
INGO, ICSO,
Direction of Command Posts Operations Center
action CSO, other at LGUs
(EOC) at LGUs
Direction of organizations
Information acknowledged
by NDRRMC ACTION:
ACTION:
Without Report
With Report ASSUMPTION:
AUGMENTATION: EOC INSTALLED
Affected LGUs are with by the Rapid
capacity but needing Response Team will
augmentation
RDANA function with
members of the
National Response
Cluster & NIMT with
OpCens of or without LCEs of
RESPONSE
Warning CLUSTER 
the affected LGUs.

Agencies NDRRMC
Operations
NDRRM
PAGASA Center C LEAD, RESPONSE
CLUSTER and NIMT
PHIVOLCS NATIONAL
MGB IMT

ACTION:
Lead, Response Cluster and
ACTION: ACTION:
ACTION: NIMT:
NDRRMC recommends Response Clusters and NIMT:
Feedback: Coordinates with the
Detection for the following actions: •Acted on REPORTS from the
Response Cluster affected LGUs for
Tracking affected LGUs through the Crisis appropriate deployment and
Monitoring activation; Managers (Region, Province,
Declaration of National conduct of RDANA
City/Municipal); operations;
State of Calamity; and •Deployed RDT at the affected areas Submit reports to
Call for International to conduct RDANA; and NDRRMC; and
Humanitarian Assistance. •Conduct consequence management Provides needs of affected
operations LGUs
 The following levels of action shall be used as reference
at different levels of response:

Alert Level Alert Level “ALPHA” – normal situation,

no untoward incidents
DELTA
Alert Level “BRAVO” – occurrence of
Alert Level minor incident/s such as minor medical
cases, missing persons, minimal flooding,
Alert Level CHARLIE traffic congestions, etc.
BRAVO
Alert Level “CHARLIE” – occurrence of
Alert major incident/s within the maximum
Level capacity of the Regional DRRMC deployed
ALPHA elements
PDRRMC NDRRMC
Alert Level “DELTA” – occurrence of
LDRRMC RDRRMC major incident/s requiring national response
(NDRRMC)

Section 1, Rule 11, IRR, RA 10121 –

Coordination During Emergencies
 DSWD
NDRRMC
CENTRAL
LEGEND: OPCEN
OFFICE
Direction of action (EOC)
(EOC)
Direction of
Information

DSWD
NOTE: RDRRMC
OPCEN REGIONAL
OFFICE
-Presence of vertical and horizontal (EOC) (EOC)
coordination
-Data and Information are the same from
bottom-up
-RETT, ETC provide the communications
highway not the content of the report PDRRMC PSWD
(STREETS) OPCEN OFFICE
-EOC report generators and developers (EOC) (EOC)
responsible for the consolidation of data
(VEHICLES)
-RCs and IMTs provide disaster response
data and information (PASSENGERS)
-Member Agencies submit reports to Lead, MDRRMC MSWD
Clusters OPCEN OFFICE
-Lead, Clusters forward consolidated Cluster (EOC) (EOC)
reports to RC Secretariat and Coordinators

COORDINATION SYSTEMS DURING DISASTER RESPONSE OPERATIONS

DRRMC VS. GOVERNMENT OFFICES
 Disaster Operations Early Recovery
Landfall and sudden onset Level of LCEs governance
RC and IMT Activation Lesser Evacuees
Triggers of Actions Business Continuity
Agency, Cluster, & Inter- Normalcy
Cluster Operations
Early Warning
Detection
Tracking
Monitoring Response
Early Actions
Cluster &
Response Incident
Cluster (RC) Management
& Incident Team (IMT)
Pre-Disaster Deactivation
Risk Management
Assessment- Team (IMT)
Actions, Plans & Activities
Protocols
(PDRA-APP)

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE MANAGEMENT

OPERATIONAL SPECTRUM
 3Cs MECHANISM
CHAIRPERSON

Vice-Chairperson
for Response
(DSWD)
(Coordination)
Operational
Coordinator
(Resource Provider) (OCD)

EDUCATION HEALTH IHR LOGISTICS MDM PROTECTION

(DepEd) (DOH) (DFA) (OCD) (DILG) (DSWD)

FNI SRR LO ETC CCCM

(DSWD) (DND-AFP) (DILG-PNP) (OCD) (DSWD)

INCIDENT COMMANDER

RESPONSIBLE
OFFICER OPERATIONS PLANNING LOGISTICS FINANCE &
ADMIN
SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION

ETC
(OCD)

(Command & Control)

(Force Provider/Action Oriented)
 TIMELINES OF EMERGENCY
TOOLS AND SERVICES DURING NATIONAL CALAMITY

0 – 48 HOURS 72 HOURS 1 WEEK 2-6 WEEKS

 Response Clusters activated  RDANA including scenario  Initial QRF released  Search and Rescue
 Declared National State of definition completed  Cluster Response Operations terminated
Calamity and/or Emergency of  Local SRR Cluster members interoperability and  Handover of International
Affected LGUs deployed including synchronization of workflows SAR to local SRR completed
 Deployed RDT, NDRRMC international SAR members through NDRRMC  Retrieval Operations
 Deployed RDANA Teams  Local or International Cluster established continued
 Deployed SRR and other  OSS working led by DFA in  Deployed 2nd DANA Teams
EMERGENCY

(Inter-Operability) Response
responders groups Planning initiated coordination with IHR to accomplish RDANA Form
 RETT, ETC deployed and  OCD Regional Coordination Cluster and other #2
established Centers set up agencies  NDRRMC Final Disaster
 Augmented or Assumed  HumCMCoord established  Identified early recovery Operations Report produced
function on disaster response at regional level activities and schedule of  Recovery and Rehabilitation
 Confirmed installation of EOCs  Deployed international implementation Plan drafted
and ICP by affected LGUs. assistance and support  NDRRMC SitReps produced
 Requested and/or accepted  Potential launching of flash
International Humanitarian appeal either local and
Assistance international
 UN and Humanitarian partners  OSS established at all
(HCT) coordinated airports and seaports
 HumCMCoord established at  NDRRMC SitReps produced
the national level
 NDRRMC SitReps produced
 DSWD Social Services During Disaster
Situation
• Relief Assistance
• Distribution of Food & Non-Food Items
• Financial Assistance to Damage Houses
• Medical Assistance
• Livelihood Assistance thru “ Cash for Work”
Batasan Road, Quezon City, Philippines
 Issues & Concerns in Conducting Relief
Distribution in the LGU level
• Logistics
• Double entry of names
• Bloated of disaster affected data
• Some LGUs repacked the DSWD relief goods
• Some LCEs are partisan
• No proper monitoring