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    This document discusses solutions, colloids, suspensions, osmosis, and dialysis. Solutions have small particles that do not separate or scatter light. Colloids have medium particles that scatter light and can be separated by semipermeable membranes. Suspensions have large particles that settle out and can be filtered. Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration to reach equilibrium. Dialysis occurs when solvent and small solute particles pass through a semipermeable membrane while large particles are retained.

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    This document discusses solutions, colloids, suspensions, osmosis, and dialysis. Solutions have small particles that do not separate or scatter light. Colloids have medium particles that scatter light and can be separated by semipermeable membranes. Suspensions have large particles that settle out and can be filtered. Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration to reach equilibrium. Dialysis occurs when solvent and small solute particles pass through a semipermeable membrane while large particles are retained.

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    252 views15 pages

    Colloids

    Uploaded by

    api-3706290
    This document discusses solutions, colloids, suspensions, osmosis, and dialysis. Solutions have small particles that do not separate or scatter light. Colloids have medium particles that scatter light and can be separated by semipermeable membranes. Suspensions have large particles that settle out and can be filtered. Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration to reach equilibrium. Dialysis occurs when solvent and small solute particles pass through a semipermeable membrane while large particles are retained.

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    of 15

    Chapter 8

    Solutions

    Colloids and Suspensions


    Osmosis and Dialysis

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 1
    Solutions

    Have small particles (ions or molecules)


    Are transparent
    Do not separate
    Cannot be filtered
    Do not scatter light.

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 2
    Colloids

     Have medium size particles


     Cannot be filtered
     Separated with semipermeable membranes
     Scatter light (Tyndall effect)

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 3
    Examples of Colloids

     Fog
     Whipped cream
     Milk
     Cheese
     Blood plasma
     Pearls
    LecturePLUS Timberlake 4
    Suspensions
     Have very large particles
     Settle out
     Can be filtered
     Must stir to stay suspended

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 5
    Examples of Suspensions

     Blood platelets
     Muddy water
     Calamine lotion

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 6
    Osmosis
    In osmosis, the solvent water moves
    through a semipermeable membrane

    Water flows from the side with the lower


    solute concentration into the side with the
    higher solute concentration

    Eventually, the concentrations of the two


    solutions become equal.
    LecturePLUS Timberlake 7
    Osmosis

    4% starch 10% starch


    H 2O

    semipermeable membrane
    LecturePLUS Timberlake 8
    Equilibrium is reached.

    7% starch
    7% starch
    H2OO

    water flow becomes equal

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 9
    Osmotic Pressure

    Produced by the number of solute particles


    dissolved in a solution
    Equal to the pressure that would prevent
    the flow of additional water into the more
    concentrated solution
    Increases as the number of dissolved
    particles increase
    LecturePLUS Timberlake 10
    Osmotic Pressure of the Blood

     Cell walls are semipermeable membranes


     The osmotic pressure of blood cells
    cannot change or damage occurs.
     The flow of water between a red blood
    cell and its surrounding environment
    must be equal

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 11
    Isotonic solutions
    • Exert the same osmotic pressure as red
    blood cells.
    • Medically 5% glucose and 0.9% NaCl are
    used their solute concentrations provide
    an osmotic pressure equal to that of red
    blood cells
    H2O

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 12
    Hypotonic Solutions
    Lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells
    Lower concentration of particles than RBCs
    In a hypotonic solution, water flows into the
    RBC
    The RBC undergoes hemolysis; it swells and
    may burst.

    H 2O
    LecturePLUS Timberlake 13
    Hypertonic Solutions
    Has higher osmotic pressure than RBC
    Has a higher particle concentration
    In hypertonic solutions, water flows out
    of the RBC
    The RBC shrinks in size (crenation)

    H2O

    LecturePLUS Timberlake 14
    Dialysis

    Occurs when solvent and small solute


    particles pass through a semipermeable
    membrane
    Large particles retained inside
    Hemodialysis is used medically (artificial
    kidney) to remove waste particles such as
    urea from bloodLecturePLUS Timberlake 15

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