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    Bed Sores

    Uploaded by

    Khalil Saleh
    This document defines and discusses pressure ulcers (bed sores). It begins by defining pressure ulcers as damage to the skin or tissues caused by direct pressure. It then discusses the pathophysiology, noting that pressure ulcers are caused by localized ischemia from compressed tissue between two surfaces, usually the bed and bones. Prolonged pressure damages blood vessels. The document outlines key causes like friction, immobility, poor nutrition/hydration, and moisture. It also assesses stages of pressure ulcers from redness to full thickness wound. Nursing prevention focuses on frequent skin inspection, cleaning, lubrication, nutrition, and pressure relief through repositioning and special devices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bed Sores

    Uploaded by

    Khalil Saleh
    21 views15 pages
    This document defines and discusses pressure ulcers (bed sores). It begins by defining pressure ulcers as damage to the skin or tissues caused by direct pressure. It then discusses the pathophysiology, noting that pressure ulcers are caused by localized ischemia from compressed tissue between two surfaces, usually the bed and bones. Prolonged pressure damages blood vessels. The document outlines key causes like friction, immobility, poor nutrition/hydration, and moisture. It also assesses stages of pressure ulcers from redness to full thickness wound. Nursing prevention focuses on frequent skin inspection, cleaning, lubrication, nutrition, and pressure relief through repositioning and special devices.

    Original Title

    8. Bed sores

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    This document defines and discusses pressure ulcers (bed sores). It begins by defining pressure ulcers as damage to the skin or tissues caused by direct pressure. It then discusses the pathophysiology, noting that pressure ulcers are caused by localized ischemia from compressed tissue between two surfaces, usually the bed and bones. Prolonged pressure damages blood vessels. The document outlines key causes like friction, immobility, poor nutrition/hydration, and moisture. It also assesses stages of pressure ulcers from redness to full thickness wound. Nursing prevention focuses on frequent skin inspection, cleaning, lubrication, nutrition, and pressure relief through repositioning and special devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views15 pages

    Bed Sores

    Uploaded by

    Khalil Saleh
    This document defines and discusses pressure ulcers (bed sores). It begins by defining pressure ulcers as damage to the skin or tissues caused by direct pressure. It then discusses the pathophysiology, noting that pressure ulcers are caused by localized ischemia from compressed tissue between two surfaces, usually the bed and bones. Prolonged pressure damages blood vessels. The document outlines key causes like friction, immobility, poor nutrition/hydration, and moisture. It also assesses stages of pressure ulcers from redness to full thickness wound. Nursing prevention focuses on frequent skin inspection, cleaning, lubrication, nutrition, and pressure relief through repositioning and special devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Bed sores or

    Pressure ulcer
    By
    Dr. Khalil Abdulqawi El-Aajam
    PhD. M.Sc. B.Sc.

    1
    Definition:-

    It is damage to the skin or underlying


    tissues caused by direct pressure

    2
    Pathophysiology of Pressure Ulcers
    Pressure ulcers are due to localized ischemia, a
    deficiency in the blood supply to the tissue. The
    tissue is compressed between two surfaces, usually
    the surface of furniture such as the bed or chair and
    the bony skeleton.
    When blood cannot reach the tissue, the cells are
    deprived of oxygen and nutrients, the waste
    products of metabolism accumulate in the cells,
    and the tissue consequently dies. Prolonged,
    unrelieved pressure also damages the small blood
    vessels 3
    4
    Causes of Bed sores
    1. Friction
    Friction occurs when two surfaces rub
    against each other.
    2. Immobility
    Sitting or lie down most of the
    time is at risk for pressure sores because
    immobility causes prolonged pressure
    on body area ( Neurologic impairment).
    5
    3. Nutrition and Hydration
    Protein-caloric malnutrition predisposed a
    persons to pressure ulcer formation because
    poorly nourished cells are easily damaged.
    4. Moisture
    prolonged moisture on the skin reduces
    the skin’s resistance to trauma.
    5. Age :-
    older adult are at greater risk for pressure
    sore formation because the delirium or
    dementia 6
    Assessing pressure ulcers
    Stages of pressure ulcers:-
    Stage I
    redness in lightly
    pigmented skin and
    persistent red, blue,
    or darker skin.
    Other indicators include changes in
    temperature, consistency, or sensation.
    7
    2- Stage II
    The second stage is
    marked by partial-
    thickness and skin
    loss involving the
    epidermis, the
    dermis, or both.

    The ulcer is superficial and appears as an


    abrasion, a blister, or a shallow crater.
    8
    3. Stage III
    At the third stage,
    the ulcer constitutes
    a full-thickness wound
    penetrating the subcutaneous tissue,
    which may extend to underlying
    fascia.
    - The ulcer resembles a deep crater
    and may damage adjacent tissue.

    9
    4. Stage IV
    In the fourth stage, the ulcer extends
    through the skin and is accompanied by
    extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or
    damage to muscle, bone, or supporting
    structures (such as tendons and joint
    capsules).

    10
     Nursing Assessment:-
    1- Assess the risk factors.
    2- Assess skin of older people frequently.
    3- Assess stages of ulcer
     Prevent of ulcer :-
    1- Inspect skin several times daily.
    2- Wash skin with mild soap, rinse, and dry
    with soft towel.
    3- Lubricate skin
    11
    To keep the skin soft:
    4- Avoid poorly ventilated mattress that is
    covered with plastic or impermeable
    material.
    5-Employ bowel and bladder programs to
    prevent incontinence.
    6-Encourage ambulation and exercise.
    7-Promote nutrition diet with optimal protein
    vitamins, and iron.

    12
    Relive the pressure:-
    1- Avoid elevation of the head of bed greater
    than 30 degree.
    2- reposition every 2 hours.
    3- Use special devices to support specific
    areas, such as elbow pads.
    4- Use an alternating-pressure mattress for
    patients at high risk to prevent or treat
    pressure ulcer.
    5- Provide for activity and ambulation as
    much as possible.
    13
    6- Advise frequently shifting of weight and
    occasional raising of bottom off chair while
    sitting.
    Clean the ulcer:-
    1- Use normal saline for cleaning and
    Disinfecting wound.
    2- Apply topical antibiotic to locally infected
    pressure ulcer.
    3. Use IV antibiotics as prescribed

    14
    Complications
    • lose of sensation
    • Spread of infection
    • deformity and paralysis
    • Death

    15

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