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Lec 6 HPC

High performance concrete (HPC) is concrete that achieves special performance and uniformity requirements through the use of optimized mix designs and construction practices. HPC aims to minimize permeation through methods like reducing capillary pores and creating chemically active binding sites. Key parameters for HPC include low water-to-cement ratio, strength, densification, and homogeneity. Materials like cement, aggregates, mineral admixtures, and chemical admixtures must be carefully selected and proportioned to achieve the required performance criteria like low permeation. Fresh and hardened properties of HPC such as workability, strength, shrinkage and creep are enhanced compared to normal concrete.

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shaik saifulla l
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25 views

Lec 6 HPC

High performance concrete (HPC) is concrete that achieves special performance and uniformity requirements through the use of optimized mix designs and construction practices. HPC aims to minimize permeation through methods like reducing capillary pores and creating chemically active binding sites. Key parameters for HPC include low water-to-cement ratio, strength, densification, and homogeneity. Materials like cement, aggregates, mineral admixtures, and chemical admixtures must be carefully selected and proportioned to achieve the required performance criteria like low permeation. Fresh and hardened properties of HPC such as workability, strength, shrinkage and creep are enhanced compared to normal concrete.

Uploaded by

shaik saifulla l
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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High Performance Concrete

Definition
HPC was defined as “concrete, which meets special
performance and uniformity requirements that cannot be
always be achieved routinely by using only conventional
materials and normal mixing, placing and curing practices”.
Methods for achieving High Performance

1. Reducing the capillary pore system such that no fluid


movement can occur is the first approach.

2. Creating chemically active binding sites which prevent


transport of aggressive ions such as chlorides is the
second more effective method.
Requirements for High-performance Characteristics
• Permeation is a major factor that causes premature
deterioration of concrete structures.

• The provision of high-performance concrete must


centre on minimizing permeation through
proportioning methods and suitable construction
procedures.

• Permeation can be divided into three distinct but


connected stages of transportation of moisture, vapour,
air, gases, or dissolved ions.
“Concrete takes in water by capillary suction. The rate
at which water enters is called sorptivity.”

“The ease with which fluid passes through concrete


usually under a pressure differential is referred to as
permeation.”

“Vapor or gas ions are sucked through concrete


under the action of ion concentration differential known
as diffusion.”

It is important to identify the dominant transport


phenomenon and design the Mix proportion
salient high-performance requirements
Parameter to be controlled for achieving the
required performance criteria
• Water/ (cement + mineral admixture) ratio.

• Strength.

• Densification of cement paste.

• Elimination of bleeding.

• Homogeneity of the mix


Contd….
• Particle size distribution.

• Stronger transition zone.

• Low free lime content.

• Very little free water in hardened concrete


Material Selection
• Cement

• Fine aggregate

• Coarse aggregate

• Water

• Mineral admixtures (fine filler and/or pozzolonic


supplementary cementitious
materials)
• Chemical admixtures (plasticizers,
superplasticizers, retarders, air-entraining agents)
Cement
There are two important requirements for any
cement:

1. strength development with time.

2. facilitating appropriate rheological characteristics


when fresh
Coarse aggregate

• The important parameters of coarse aggregate that


influence the performance of concrete are its shape, texture
and the maximum size.

• Surface texture and mineralogy affect the bond between the


aggregates and the paste as well as the stress level at which
micro cracking begins.

• The use of larger maximum nominal size of aggregate


affects the strength in several ways.
Contd….

• It is generally suggested that 10 to 12 mm is the


appropriate maximum size of aggregates for making high
Performance concrete.

• However, adequate performance and economy can also be


achieved with 20 to 25 mm maximum size graded
aggregates.
Mineral admixtures
• Mineral admixtures form an essential part of the high-
performance concrete mix.

• Used for various purposes, depending upon their


properties.

• The fly ash (FA), the ground granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBS) and the silica fume (SF) has been used widely as
supplementary cementitious materials
Superplasticizers or HRWR

• The superplasticizers are extensively used in HPCs with very


low water cementitious material ratios.

• In addition to deflocculation of cement grains, it increases


the fluidity.
The following types of superplasticizers are
used:
• Naphthalene-based

• Melamine-based

• Lignosulphonates-based

• Polycarboxylate-based

• Combinations of above
Superplasticizer Dosage
• There is no a prior way of determining the required
superplasticizer dosage; it must be determined by trial and
error procedure.

• If strength is the primary criterion, then one should work


with the lowest w/c ratio.

• If the rheological properties of the HPC are very important,


then the highest w/c ratio.

• In general, some intermediate proportions must be found,


so that the combination of strength and rheological
properties are optimized.
Mix Proportion
• The main difference between mix designs of HPC and CC
is the emphasis laid on performance aspect also
besides strength, in case of HPC.

• whereas in design of CC mixes, strength of concrete is


an important criterion.
Mix design of HPC should be based on the following
considerations:
• The water-binder (w/b) ratio should be as less as possible,
preferably 0.3 and below.

• The workability of concrete mix should be enough


to obtain good compaction.

• The transition zone between aggregate and cement paste


should be strengthened.

• The microstructure of cement concrete should be


made
dense and impermeable
Properties of Fresh Concrete

1. Workability

2. Rheological Properties

3. Curing
Workability
• workability of HPC is normally good, even at low slumps.

• HPC typically pumps very well, due to the ample volume


of cementing material.

• Due to reduced water-cementing material ratio


no bleeding occurs.

• The cohesiveness of concrete is much better as a result of


better dispersion of cement particles.
Rheological Properties
• The blended or composite cements with wider particle-size
distributions can achieve better rheological properties.
Curing
• The compressive strength of HPC is less sensitive to
temperature and relative humidity than the normal strength
concrete.

• The concrete containing very large quantities of ground


granulated blast furnace slag requires longer moist curing
times to develop adequate strength.

• The higher internal temperatures frequently found with high


early strength HPC can lead to a rapid strength gain in
concrete and consequent increase in elastic modulus.
Properties of Hardened concrete

1. Strengths

2. Modulus of elasticity

3. Shrinkage

4. Creep
Strengths

• Compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of high


performance concrete are much higher than those of the
normal concrete.

• The enhancement in the mechanical properties is generally


commensurate with reduction in water content when HRWR
is used.

• Strength – properties and proportions of the constituent


materials, degree of hydration, rate of loading, and method
of testing and specimen geometry.
Modulus of elasticity
• The elastic modulus of concrete increases with its
compressive strength.

• The modulus is greatly affected by the properties of the


coarse aggregate.

• The larger the amount of coarse aggregate with a high


elastic modulus, the higher would be the modulus of
elasticity of concrete.

• The concrete in wet condition has about 15 percent


higher elastic modulus than that in the dry condition
Shrinkage
• Little information is available on the shrinkage behavior of
High-Performance concrete.

• A relatively high initial rate of shrinkage has been reported.

• shrinkage of high-performance concrete is similar to that of


lower strength concrete.
Creep
• The creep of high-performance concrete made with high-
range water reducers is reported to be decreased
significantly.

• The maximum specific creep was less for high-strength


concrete than for lower-strength concrete loaded at the
same age.

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