English Summary

Class VIII
By : Audric F.
Chapter 1
“Dialogue”
 To expressions :
1. To ask for attention :
Asking for Attention Responding Showing Attention
• Excuse me. • Yes, please. • I see.
• Attention, please. • Alright. • Well.....
• Can I have your • Sure. • Tell me more.
attention, please? • Really?
• May I have your • Is she?
attention, please? • Have you?
• Sorry to trouble you. • What happened next?
• Sorry to bother you.
• Look what I’ve got
here.
• Look here.
• Look!
• Hey!

Those expressions can also be used in written texts, such

as in short messages, notices, and letters.
2. To check someone’s understanding :
Responses Showing Responses Showing that
Checking Someone’s
that Someone Someone doesn’t
Understanding
Understands Understand
• Do you understand • I see what you’re • I don’t get it.
what I’m saying? saying. • I don’t follow you.
• Do you know what • I see what you • I’m not sure I get
I mean? mean. your point.
• Do you know what • I know what you • I’m not sure I know
I’m talking about? mean. what you mean.
• Does that make • I know.
any sense? • I undestand what
• Do you follow me? you’re saying.
• Are You with me? • I’m with you.
• With me so far? • I hear you.
• You know? • I hear what you’re
• You see? saying.
• Right?
• Is it clear?

Those expressions can also be used in written texts, such

as in short messages and letters.
3. To give compliments :
To Compliment Someone Responses
• Excellent! • Thanks.
• Nice try! • Thanks, I’m glad you like
• Great! it.
• How beautiful!
• You look great.
• That’s a nice bracelet.
• Wow, that’s marvellous!
• Terrific!
• That’s really fantastic, sir/ma’am.

Those expressions can also be used in written texts, such as in

greeting cards, short messages and letters.
4. To ask for and give opinions :
Asking for Opinions Giving Opinions
• What’s your opinion about ..... ? • I must say .....

Those expressions can also be used in written texts, such as in

short messages and letters.
 Chapter 2
“Can and Will”
 Expressions :
- To explain someone’s ability.
- To make promises.
- To invite someone.
 Grammar : Can, Can’t
We use can to talk about what someone can or cannot do :
a. In the present, when it is generally true.
b. In the present or at this moment.
c. In the future, with a time expression.
Formula : Subject + can + verb 1.
Examples : (+) I can drive.
(-) I can’t (cannot) drive.
(?) Can I drive?
 Grammar : Will, Will not
We use will to make promises and talk about voluntary
actions in the future.
We also will to make predictions about the future.
Formula : Subject + will + verb 1.
Examples : (+) I will send it.
(-) I will not (won’t) do it.
(?) Will I send it?
The short form of will not is won’t.
 Chapter 3
“Obligations,
Prohibitions, and
Recommendations”
 Expressions :
- Obligations
Examples : You must speak louder. I can’t hear you.
- Prohibitions
Examples : Children must not play with matches.
- Recommendation
Examples :
You should get up early and have more exercise.
- We use have to/must/should +infinitive to talk about
obligation, things that are necessary to do, or to give
advice.
- Obligations, prohibitions and recommendations can also
be found in written texts.
Chapter 4
“Instructions,
Invitations, and
Permission”
 Expressions :
- To give instructions :
Giving instructions Responses
• Sweep the floor. • Of course.

- To invite someone :
Inviting someone Accepting and declining an invitation
• Would you like to come? • I would, very much.

- To ask for permission :

Asking for permission Responses
• May I use your pen? • Alright.

- Expressions of giving instructions, inviting someone, and

asking for permission can also be in the form of written
texts.
Chapter 5
“Greetings
Cards”
 A greetings card is a card with a picture and a message that
you send to somebody to congratulate them on a special
occasion, such as on their birthday.
 Example of greetings cards :
Chapter 6
“Quantifying
Determiners”
 Grammar : There is / There are.
-To tell the availability of something, we can use there is /
there are.
-We use there is followed by a singular noun.
There is (There’s) + a singular noun / uncountable noun.
-We use there are followed by plural nouns.
There are (There’re) + plural nouns.
 Grammar : Much, many, a lot of.
1. Words to tell quantity.
-Much : is followed by uncountable nouns is questions and
negative sentences.
-Many : is followed by plural countable nouns.
-A lot of : is followed by countable and uncountable nouns,
usually in positive sentences.
2. To ask about quantity, we use :
- How much + uncountable noun.
- How many + plural countable noun.
3. In short answers, we can use much or many without a noun.
 Grammar : A few, a little.
1. Words to tell about quantity.
a. A Few : is followed by plural countable nouns.
b. A Little : is followed by uncountable nouns.
2. In short answers, nouns are not necessary after a few or a
little.
 Grammar : Some, Any
1. Some : can be followed by plural uncountable nouns and
plural countable nouns in positive sentences.
2. Any : can be followed by plural uncountable nouns and
plural countable nouns in negative sentences and questions.
 Grammar : In, At, On.
1. Words to tell about preposition :
a. In : We use in to talk about position inside a larger place or
space.
b. At : We use at to talk about :
- A place considered as a point not a space.
- A specific place.
- An address.
c. On : We use on to talk about position a top a surface or
a place we think of as a line or flat.
2. The uses of in, at, and on for specific prepositions.
a. In/at/on the corner :
- In the corner shows the corner position inside a space.
- At/on the corner shows the corner position considered as
a point in an area.
b. In/at/on the front – In/at/on the back :
- In the front/in the back shows the front/back position inside a
space.
- At the front/at the back shows the front/back position
considered as a point.
- On the front/on the back shows the front/back position on the
exterior of a surface or flat object.
 Grammar : Under, above, in front of.
a. Under : We use under to talk about a lower position and
usually covered by another.
b. Below : We use below to talk about a lower position than
another with no direct contact.
c. Above : We use above to talk about a position higher than
another.
d. In front of : We use in front of to talk about a position further
forward than something/somebody, but not very far away.
 Chapter 7
“The Simple
Present Tense”
 The simple present tense use to ask and give information
related to habits and general facts.
 Formula for Present Continuous Tense is :
Subject + verbs/es + object.
 The purposes of the simple present tense are :
- to show regular/frequent actions.
- to show general facts.
 Positive Form :
Subject Verb Example
I help I help mother in the kitchen.
You
They help their mother in the
We help
kitchen.
They
He
She helps her mother in the
She helps
kitchen.
It
 Negative Form : Subject + Do/Does not + Verb + Object.
Subject Do/Does not Verb Example
I do not (don’t) help I don’t help mother in the kitchen.
You
They don’t help their mother in the
We do not (don’t) help
kitchen.
They
He
does not She doesn’t help her mother in the
She helps
(doesn’t) kitchen.
It
 Question Form : Do/Does + Subject + Verb + Object ?
Do/Does Subject Verb Example

Do I help Do I help mother in the kitchen?

you
Do they help their mother in the
Do we help
kitchen?
they
he
Does she help her mother in the
Does she help
kitchen?
It
 In Positive Form :
- For verb ending with –sh, -ch, -ss, -o, -x, or –z, e.g. Wash,
teach, miss, go, fix, buzz, add –es to the verb after she, he, it.
-For verb ending with consonant + y, e.g. carry, study, cry,
change –y into -i and add -es after she, he, it.
 You can always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely,
occasionally, never (adverbs of frequency). These adverbs
usually go before the present simple verb.
Example : We always wash our hands before meals.
 Use repeated times, e.g. every Saturday, in the evening
(means every evening), in the summer (means every
summer).
Example : They study English every Monday.
 Chapter 8
“The Present
Continuous Tense”
 The present continuous tense use when telling about
activities happening in the present.
 Formula for Present Continuous Tense is :
Subject + to be + verb-ing + object.
 Positive Form :

Subject To Be Verb-ing Example

I am I am reading the newspaper now.
You
They are reading the newspaper
We are
reading now.
They
He
She is He is reading the newspaper now.
It
 Negative Form : Subject + To Be + Verb-ing + Object.
Subject To Be Verb-ing Example
I am not I am not reading the newspaper now.
You
are not / They aren’t reading the newspaper
We
aren’t reading now.
They
He
is not /
She He isn’t reading the newspaper now.
isn’t
It
 Question Form : To Be + Subject + Verb-ing ?
To Be Subject Verb-ing Example
Am I Am I reading the newspaper now?
You
Are they reading the newspaper
Are We
reading now?
They
He
Is She Is he reading the newspaper now?
It
 In answering questions, you can use short answers without
the verb-ing :

Subject To Be Subject To Be
I am. I am not.

You You
We are. We aren’t.
Yes, They No, They
He He
She is. She isn’t.
It It

 We can’t change words like, love, hate, want, know,

understand and forget into verb-ing. Those word do not tell
activities.
 You can use now to dhow the activity in the present.