Surveying
Surveying
Surveying
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Lecture Outline
2
Definition
An instrument used to determine
the relative parallelism of two or
more surfaces of the teeth or other
parts of the cast of a dental arch. *
3
Purposes of Surveying the
Diagnostic Cast
1. To determine the most desirable path of
placement that will eliminate or minimize
interference to placement and removal
2. To identify proximal tooth surfaces that are, or
need to be, made parallel so that they act as
guiding planes during placement and removal.
3. To locate and measure areas of the teeth that
may be used for retention.
Purposes of Surveying the
Diagnostic Cast
4. To determine whether tooth and bony areas of
interference will need to be eliminated surgically
or by selecting a different path of placement.
5. To determine the most suitable path of placemen
that will permit locating retainers and artificial
teeth to the best esthetic advantage.
6. To permit an accurate charting of the mouth
preparation to be made
Purposes of Surveying the
Diagnostic Cast
7. To delineate the height of contour on
abutment
teeth and to locate areas of undesirable tooth
undercut that are to be avoided, eliminated, or
blocked out.
8. To record the cast position in relation to the
selected path of placement for future
reference.
Some Important Terms
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Height of Contour &
Undercut
Height of Contour (HOC)
A line encircling a
tooth, designating
its greatest
circumference at a
selected position
determined by a
dental surveyor.
Height of contour
• Suprabulge
• Undercut =
• Infrabulge
Any areas cervical to
HOC used for
placement of retentive
clasp components
Areas occlusal to the
HOC used for the
placement of
nonretentive,
stabilizing, or
reciprocating
components. *
Non-undercut Area
u t he re
d er c
Un
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Types of undercuts
Tooth Undercuts *
Soft Tissues or
bony Undercuts(on
lingual side of ridge) #
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Angle of Cervical Convergence
An angle viewed
between a vertical
rod contacting an
abutment tooth and
the axial surface of
the abutment
cervical to the
height of contour.
Direct Retainers
Buccal
Retention
Composed of:
rest
retentive element
minor connector
Lingual
Rule: Retentive tip should
usually be designed to be
placed in the gingival 1/3
Path of Insertion &
Removal
Path of Insertion
Path that the prosthesis is
Placed/removed
Equalizes retention
Advantages of a Single Path of
Insertion
Provides frictional
retention
Factors Determining Path of
Insertion & Removal
Guiding planes
Retentive areas
Interference
Esthetics
Guiding Planes
Two or more
vertically parallel
flat surfaces of
abutment teeth
shaped to direct a
prosthesis during
placement and
removal *
Guiding Planes
Maintains
Retention
Effects of Guiding Planes On
Retention & Stability
Most effective
when:
Prepared on several
teeth
Cover a large
surface area
(proximal & lingual)
Prep. Of Guiding Planes
8837K-014
Long
Cylindrical
Carbide or
Diamond
(8837K 014)
Guiding Plane Dimensions *
Round
Round
2-4
2-4 mm
mm Axial
Axial Line
Line
1/2-1/3
1/2-1/3 Angles
Angles
height
height
Guiding Plane Dimensions *
Use
Use short
short guideplanes
guideplanes on
on Class
Class II &
& IIII
Use
Use long
long guideplanes
guideplanes on
on Class
Class III
III &
& IV IV
Polish Prepared Surfaces
Rubber wheels or
points
If Axial Surface Already Parallel to
Path of Insertion?
NO Preparation !
Retentive Areas
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Retentive Areas
Retentive arm should have
a different path of
escapement than guiding
plane (path of removal), so
retentive arm must be
forced to flex over a convex
surface during placement
and removal (retention) *
Optimal Path of Insertion
Esthetics
Minimize display
of clasps, metal
components *
Esthetics
Esthetics dictates
the choice of path
selected only when
missing anterior
teeth must be
replaced with RPD
*
Parts
of a Dental Surveyor
Surveying Table
Parts of a Surveyor
Surveying Arm
Surveying Tools
1- Analyzing Rods
2- Carbon Marker
3- Undercut Gauge
4- Wax Trimmer
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Parts of a Surveyor
Surveying Tools
Analyzing Rod
Analyzing Rod
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Surveying Tools
1- Analyzing Rods
2- Carbon Marker
3- Undercut Gauge
4- Wax Trimmer
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Parts of a Surveyor
Surveying Tools
Carbon Markers
Carbon Marker
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Parts of a Surveyor
Undercut Gauges
Undercut Gauge
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Undercut Gauges
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Undercut Gauges
Undercut Gauge
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Parts of a Surveyor
Surveying Tools
Wax Trimmer
Wax Trimmer
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Dental Surveyor
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FINAL PATH OF
PLACEMENT
The anteroposterior and lateral
position of the cast, in relation to
the vertical arm of the surveyor
that best satisfies all four factors:
guiding planes, retention,
interference, and esthetics. *
Recording Relation of Cast to Surveyor *
Tripoding is
Performed While
Cast is Still
Mounted on the
Survey Table
Without
Changing the Tilt
to Preserve the
Established Cast
Tilt
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Tripoding the Cast *
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All proposed mouth
changes (prep. of
proximal surfaces,
reduction of buccal &
lingual surfaces, & prep.
of rest seats) should be
indicated on the
diagnostic cast in red
pencil, with the
exception of restorations
to be done. *
References
McCracken’s Removable
Prosthodontics, 11th Edition
2005 by McGivney GP, Carr
AB. Chapter 11 (Surveying)
Dalhousie continual education