Katutubong

Musika
A Study of the Philippine Indigenous Music
focusing on the masterpiece, “Koyu No
Tebulul”
Competencies
•Distinguishes the different functions of Indigenous
Music SPA_MU9-Ia-1
•Displays familiarity in various performance
practice of Philippine Music SPA_MU9-Ib-2
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
•Applies musical skills for voice and instrument
Landscape?
playing SPA_MU9-Ia-h-7 Landscape
• Different Cultural Influences On
Objectives
• Identify the different functions of Indigenous Music in
Philippine Setting

• Explain the cultural and historical contexts behind different

performance practices of Philippine music,
• What recognizing how
Is Culture?
• How
they reflect societal values, rituals, Does Cultureand
celebrations, Affecttraditions
The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Objectives
• Advocate for the preservation, promotion, and appreciation of
Philippine music performance practices, recognizing their
importance in maintaining cultural heritage and artistic diversity

• Explain the literary context of “Koyu No Tebulul”,

• What Is Culture? one of the IP
Music situated in Mindanao • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Objectives
• Demonstrate how to sing the song in SATB Divisi format
applying all the elements of music

• Explain the literary context of “Koyu No Tebulul”, one of the IP

Music situated in Mindanao • What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
• Appreciate the harmony of the song “Koyu No Tebulul”
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Objectives
• Identify the musical staff and its elements

• Explain the elements and its functions to the whole musical

score
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Activity 1
Guided Questions:
1. What do you think are the classification of the elements
shown?

2. Explain the need for thorough study of the elements.

• What Is Culture?
3. How are these elements help you in Does
• How studying
CultureIndigenous
Affect The
Philippine Music? Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Katutubong
Musika
A Study of the Philippine Indigenous Music
focusing on the masterpiece, “Koyu No
Tebulul”
Katutubong Musika
• Also known as Indigenous Music, traditional music of the
Indigenous Peoples of the World

• The music is of an "original" ethnic group that inhabits any

geographic region alongside more recent
• What immigrants who may
Is Culture?
be greater in number • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Katutubong Musika
• Traditional musical expressions of various indigenous or
native communities around the world.
• These musical forms are deeply connected to the cultures,
histories, and spiritual beliefs of these communities, often
serving as a means of transmitting oralIs traditions,
• What Culture? stories, and
values across generations. • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Philippine Indigenous
Music
Characteristics
• Origin and Context
• Cultural Identity
• Distinctiveness
• Transmission • What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
• Spiritual Significance Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
• Resistance and ResilienceLandscape
Origin and Context
• Musical traditions of the native communities

• Tied up to the culture, spirituality and history

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Cultural Identity
• Passing down oral traditions

• Linked to sacred rituals, ceremonies and

relationship with the land
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Koyu No Tebulul
• Arranged by Eudenice Palaruan

• Based on a T'boli traditional song.

The T’boli people are one of the
indigenous peoples of South
Cotabato in Southern Mindanao,
Philippines
Distinctiveness
• Reflects their unique language, beliefs and
practices

• Shaped by centuries of •interaction

What Is Culture? with the
• How Does Culture Affect The
environment and ancestorsLandscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Translation
There is a beautiful tree
On top of that mountain
It has soft leaves and needle-like thorns
I wish to climb that tree on the
mountain
A bird rests on its branches
I desire to own that bird
But I know I should not
Transmission
• Transmitted orally and experientially within
the community

• Elders preserve and share this

• What music.
Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Spiritual Significance
• Strong spiritual significance

• Connecting individuals with the land,

ancestors and the cosmos
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
• Communicate with the unseen world
Landscape
Resistance and Resilience
• Tool for resisting colonization, oppression,
and cultural erasure

• Thrive as a symbol of resilience and

• What Is Culture? cultural
• How Does Culture Affect The
pride Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Gandang
• Cylindrical drum, made of wood
with a membrane made of carabo
skin on each side.
• Decorated with 'okiran' motives and
painted. The drum is part of the
Kulintang ensemble of the • What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Maranao, Samal or Tausug Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Other Characteristics
• Music follows musical elements as we know
today (melody, ostinato, improvisation)
• Follows pentatonic scale: b, c#, e, f#, a
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Vocal Arts
Maguindanaons
• religious chants during Friday noon service, Molud
or Mawlid, the puwasa or Ramadan, and the periodic
commemoration of the dead;

• less formal secular songs, such as love songs, legend

chants, and lullabies
Lumads
• Rich array of song forms such as lullabies
• uyug-uyug for the Mansaka
• yadadang for the Blaan.
• iring-iring during wakes by Manobo
• Subanon song for hunting
• Gago napu and ritual songs such as the diwata used
in healing ceremonies.
Instruments
Tambol/Drums
• Resonating body with one or both ends covered
with skin
• Made of wood, consist of goat, pig or cow skin
• shape can be cylindrical,• What
conical,
Is Culture?barrel, kettle
• How Does Culture Affect The
or goblet Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Dabakan/Debakan
• Indigenous kettle and a
bowl-shaped

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Ludag/Libbit
• conical drum with a deer or
goat skin drum head of the
Ifugao
• It is played with a gong • What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
during harvest time underLandscape?
the
• Different Cultural Influences On
rice granary Landscape
Gimbal
• Single headed cylindrical drums
• Found in Palawan and Bukidnon

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Gongs
• Most esteemed among the instruments
• Usually played as an ensemble
• Obtained through trade with our neighbors in
Southeast Asia
• May be flat or knobbed, suspended or hand-held,
made from bronze, brass or iron
Flat gongs
• Referred as gansa, gangsa or gangha

• Single hand-held percussion instrument beaten with a

padded stick or tapped by hand or palm of the hand by
members of an ensemble in the Cordillera

• For agricultural and sacred rites

Gangsa

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
• Can be played in 2 ways: (1) pattang, Landscape?
using a short-padded wooden beater
and played while dancing; and (2) tuppayya,
• Differentplayed with
Cultural the palms
Influences On of the
hands while the player is kneeling Landscape
Pangal and Pawig
2. Pangal
- gong handle among the Ifugao

3. Pawig • What Is Culture?

- gong hand among Bontok • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
• Human jaw or carved wooden figures
Landscape
Agung/Agong
• Large knobbed gong, which are played while vertically
suspended among the groups in Palawan, Mindoro,
Lumad, and Bangsamoro area
• Usually together with the gimbal as an accompanying
instrument to the babaylan or shaman
• What when she
Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
performs healing rituals Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Agung/Agong

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Kulintang/Kwintangan
• Consists of a set of eight or eleven graduated knobbed
gongs laid horizontally on a stand

• Commonly used as a part of performances during

special occasions. • What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Sarunay or kulintang a tiniok is a type
• Different ofInfluences
Cultural kulintangOn
Landscape
made of metal
Kulintang/Kwintangan

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Babendir
• a suspended gong with a thin sound
Gandingan
• a pair of gongs with narrow rims
• “talking gongs”
Kulintang Ensemble

• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Different Cultural Influences On
Landscape
Lutes
• two-stringed instruments played as a solo instrument
• Played in occasions, played accompanying a dance such as
in a Tboli performance
• made of wood, the strings traditionally made of
horsehair and the wooden frets are attached to the
neck using beeswax
Lutes
Boat Lutes
• a two-stringed musical instrument wherein one string is
used for the melody and the other one produces the
drone
• First used the crocodile which symbolizes political,
royal power deeply rooted into the Maranao mythology,
darangen.
Gabbang
• Made of bamboo or wood, the
pieces are cut and placed on a
resonator, a frame to hold the
bamboo (the bottom of which is
hollow to amplify the sound)
Flutes
• Suling (ring flute)
• Palendag (lip valley flute)
• Sahunay flute
Flutes
Zithers/Sitar
• bamboo-stringed instruments found in northern Luzon,
Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, and Mindanao.
• Two types of zithers:
• Polychordal zithers with 4—11 strings around the
tube,
• Parallel stringed zithers with only two strings on
one side of the tube.
Music Theory
Cultural Landscape
When we talk about landscape, we often think of the natural physical characteristic of the Earth's
surface. However, geographical landscape can also be defined by the culture of the people who
live in a particular area.

People coming together in communities form common behaviors and habits that become shared
beliefs, traditions, and actions. This is culture.

This then affects or influences the landscape the communities reside in.
Some Cultural Indicators Affecting
Landscape
ETHNICITY LANGUAGE RELIGION

A communication system that Beliefs and ideologies. Can be ethnic

has meaning to a group of (specific to national groups) or
people through speech. universalizing (anyone can join).
Cultural Diffiusion
CULTURAL REGION

The location of cultural traits or communities.

CULTURAL HEARTH

The origin of the cultural traits of a group of people.

DEFINITION

The spread of culture and the methods of how it

happens (migration, trade, etc.)
 Folk vs. Popular
FOLK CULTURE POPULAR CULTURE

Also known as local culture. What can be found in larger, heterogeneous

Characteristed by cultural elements of a groups sharing certain cultural elements.
small, homogeneous group. They may or may not be found in one area.
 Mid-Discussion Break
You will be assigned a partner. Ask them about the area they live in and if they can
share any practices or habits they've observed from their surroundings that may not
be present elsewhere.
Summary
CULTURE CAN BE...

• Inherited, or grown through diffusion or coming

together of different cultures.

• Defined by different aspects such as ethnicity,

religion, and language.

• Shared by a group of people in the same area, or by bigger

groups across different areas.
Assignment

Over the weekend, talk to 2-3 of your neighbors. Like with our
activity, ask them about things that they believe are unique to your
area.

What languages do they speak? What events or celebrations do you

have? Is there any particular food that they haven't found else where?
 References
Puyallup School District. Human Geography. Puyallup School District, 2015,
www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/16294.
Resource
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