This document discusses mushroom diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. It focuses on the bacterial disease bacterial blotch, which is caused by Pseudomonas tolassi. Bacterial blotch causes spots on the caps of several mushroom species. It can lead to total crop loss and significant financial losses for mushroom farms. Prevention strategies include chlorinating irrigation systems, using potable water, controlling temperature and humidity, and effective pasteurization of compost.
This document discusses mushroom diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. It focuses on the bacterial disease bacterial blotch, which is caused by Pseudomonas tolassi. Bacterial blotch causes spots on the caps of several mushroom species. It can lead to total crop loss and significant financial losses for mushroom farms. Prevention strategies include chlorinating irrigation systems, using potable water, controlling temperature and humidity, and effective pasteurization of compost.
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Bacterial diseases in Mushroom, bacterial blotch, Pseudomonas tolassi
This document discusses mushroom diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. It focuses on the bacterial disease bacterial blotch, which is caused by Pseudomonas tolassi. Bacterial blotch causes spots on the caps of several mushroom species. It can lead to total crop loss and significant financial losses for mushroom farms. Prevention strategies include chlorinating irrigation systems, using potable water, controlling temperature and humidity, and effective pasteurization of compost.
This document discusses mushroom diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. It focuses on the bacterial disease bacterial blotch, which is caused by Pseudomonas tolassi. Bacterial blotch causes spots on the caps of several mushroom species. It can lead to total crop loss and significant financial losses for mushroom farms. Prevention strategies include chlorinating irrigation systems, using potable water, controlling temperature and humidity, and effective pasteurization of compost.
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Mushroom diseases
Dr.M.Manigandan Introduction • Mushroom diseases can be caused by both fungi and bacteria.
• A.G. Tolaas 1915, organism named after Sydney Paine in 1919.
• The most commonly cultivated mushroom is the Agaricus species.
• Once the disease is introduced in the farm, secondary infection can be carried out by different agents such as air, water, machines, unhygienic equipments and handlers.
• The important fungal, bacterial and viral diseases and their causative organisms , symptoms and control measures are followed Types of bacterial diseases in mushroom • Bacterial disease • Bacterial blotch – Pseudomonas tolassi • Mummy disease - Pseudomonas spp. • Drippy gill - Pseudomonas agarici Bacterial blotch • Common bacterial diseases in mushroom • Causes bacterial spot • No healthy crops and in poor ventilation system, compost, casing, water splash, equipment, pickers, insects, and mites. • Low temperature • Leads to total crop loss Significance • Crop loss 5 – 15%/ mushroom farm • Loss in crop value range from $500K to &2 million • Mushroom looks process instead of fresh • Post harvest symptoms occurs during shipping/storage. Characteristics of pathogen • Pseudomonas tolassi (Phytomonas tolassi, Bacterium tolaasi) • Gram-negative • Flagellated/motile • Ubiquitous in soil • Non-host specific • Toxin production • Pseudomonas fluorescens (biotype G) – formation of lesions Symptoms and conditions • Present on the cap • Mushroom cap wetness for long time leads to pathogens multiplication. • Lesions on mushroom tissue that are pale yellow initially, but which later become a golden yellow or rich chocolate brown • This discoloration is superficial, no more than 2 to 3 mm deep, and the underlying mushroom tissue may appear to be water-soaked and grey or yellow-grey. • In extreme cases, usually with late flushes, distortion of emerging caps is observed. • Bacteria growing on cap surfaces may cause affected tissue to have a slippery feel. • Stalks can be attacked. • Blotch usually appears on the early stage, also re-appears on any stage of growth. • Decreases the quality of mushrooms • No harm to human health. Types of mushrooms infected •❖ Agaricus •❖ Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom) •❖ Agaricus campestris •❖ Flammulina velutipes •❖ Lentinula edodes •❖ Pleurotus eryngii •❖ Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) Prevention and Controlling measures • Chlorinating the irrigation system – 150ppm • Potable drinking water utilsed • Ambient temperature • Humidity reduced to less than 85% • Effective pasteurization.
