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    Asthma

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    Viji M
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial hypersensitivity and variable airflow obstruction. It affects over 300 million people worldwide. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and muscles around the airways constrict, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma is classified based on severity from mild intermittent to severe persistent. Management involves the use of medications to reduce inflammation and relax airway muscles.

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    Asthma

    Uploaded by

    Viji M
    19 views29 pages
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial hypersensitivity and variable airflow obstruction. It affects over 300 million people worldwide. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and muscles around the airways constrict, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma is classified based on severity from mild intermittent to severe persistent. Management involves the use of medications to reduce inflammation and relax airway muscles.

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    medical surgical nursing

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    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial hypersensitivity and variable airflow obstruction. It affects over 300 million people worldwide. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and muscles around the airways constrict, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma is classified based on severity from mild intermittent to severe persistent. Management involves the use of medications to reduce inflammation and relax airway muscles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views29 pages

    Asthma

    Uploaded by

    Viji M
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial hypersensitivity and variable airflow obstruction. It affects over 300 million people worldwide. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and muscles around the airways constrict, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma is classified based on severity from mild intermittent to severe persistent. Management involves the use of medications to reduce inflammation and relax airway muscles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    ASTHMA

    SR.SAREENA PAUL
    M.SC NURSING 1ST YEAR
    DEPT.OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
    CON-PMS
    INTRODUCTION
    • IT IS A REVERSIBLE OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE OF THE
    LOWER AIRWAY.

    • INFLAMATION OF THE AIRWAY AND HYPER


    RESPONSIVENESS OF AIRWAY TO INTERNAL OR
    EXTERNAL STIMULI.
    • Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease
    (NCD), affecting both children and adults, and is
    the most common chronic disease among children.

    • Inflammation and narrowing of the small airways


    in the lungs cause asthma symptoms, which can be
    any combination of cough, wheeze, shortness of
    breath and chest tightness
    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    DEFINITION
    • The air passages in the lungs become narrow due to
    inflammation and tightening of the muscles around the small
    airways. This causes asthma symptoms such as cough,
    wheeze, shortness of breath and chest tightness.(WHO)

    • It is the chronic inflammatory disease of the airway


    characterized by bronchial hypersensitivity and a variable
    degree of airway obstruction (National Institute Of Health)
    • What is an asthma attack?
    When we breathe normally, muscles around airways
    are relaxed, letting air move easily and quietly. During
    an asthma attack, three things can happen:
    • Bronchospasm: The muscles around the airways
    constrict (tighten).
    • Inflammation: The lining of your airways becomes
    swollen.
    • Mucus production: During the attack, your body
    creates more mucus. This thick mucus clogs airways.
    INCIDENCE
    • Asthma affected an estimated 262 million people in
    2019 (1) and caused 455 000 deaths.
    • Approximately 300 million people worldwide currently have
    asthma, and its prevalence increases by 50% every decade.
    • In India the national burden of asthma at 17.23 million with
    an overall prevalence of 2.05%. total burden of asthma in
    India as 34.3 million, accounting for 13.09% of the global
    burden.
    TRIGGERS OF ASTHMA ATTACK
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    TYPES
    • ALLERGIC ASTHMA -POLLEN,DUST,SPORES,ANIMAL DANDERS

    • IDIOPATHIC ASTHMA- CAN TIGRRED BY EMOTIONAL


    DISTURBANCE,UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS,AND EXERCISES

    • MIXED ASTHMA
    CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SEVERITY
    Levels of Asthma

    These guidelines were established by the National Institutes of Health


    • Step 1 – mild intermittent asthma
    • Symptoms fewer than two times a week
    • Does not have problems between flare-ups
    • Only has short flare-ups from a few hours to a few days
    • Experiences night time symptoms fewer than twice a month
    • Step 2 – mild persistent asthma
    • Symptoms more than two times a week, but no more than once a day
    • His or her activity levels may be affected by the flare-ups
    • Experiences night time symptoms more than twice a month
    • Step 3 – moderate persistent asthma
    • Symptoms every day
    • Uses his or her rescue medication every day
    • Has flare-ups twice a week or more
    • His or her activity levels may be affected by the flare-ups
    • Experiences night time symptoms more than once a week
    • Step 4 – severe persistent asthma
    • Constant symptoms
    • Has a decrease in physical activity
    • Has frequent flare-ups
    • Experiences night time symptoms frequently
    In acute attack patient may get
    • Irritable
    • Anxiety
    • Increased pulse and blood pressure
    • Activity intolerance
    complications
    PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM
    ATELECTASIS
    PNEUMONIA
    Status Asthmaticus : not respond
    to asthmatic drugs in 24 hours
    DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
     History collection
     Physical examination
     PFT
     PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE
     Chest x ray
     ABG
     Allergy skin test
     Blood level of IgE and eosinophil
    • Nitric oxide level
    MANAGEMENT
    • ANTI INFLAMATORY AGENTS
    • MAST CELL STABILIZERS
    • ANTICHOLINERGIC SHORT ACTING
    • ANTICHOLINERGIC LONG ACTING
    • IgE ANTAGONIST
    • LEUKOTRINE MODIFIERS
    • LEUKOTRINE INHIBITORS
    • BETA 2 ADRENERGIC AGONIST
    • METHYL XANTHINES
    • COMBINATION AGENT
    POSSIBLE NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    1.Brenda Z. Bare, Suzanna Smelter, “ Brunner &Sudharth’s Text Book Of
    Medical- Surgical Nursing”, 10th Edition,Lippincott Publisher,
    Philadelphia ,Page No.1116-1132 
    2.Barbara K Timby Nancy E Smith, "Introductory To Medical Surgical
    Nursing”,8th Edition, Lippincott Publisher, Philadelphia, Page No.366-368
    3.Chintamani, Mrinalini Mani, Hareendra Jeet Goel, “Lewis’s Text Book
    Of Medical- Surgical Nursing”, Elsevier Publication, New Delhi, Page
    No.366-368
    NET REFERENCES
    • https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma
    • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696883/
    • https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6424-asthma
    • https://www.chp.edu/our-services/pulmonology/services/asthma
    /resources/levels

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