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Chapter 3: Global Networks

Group 3: Geomar, Ernest


Defining Global Networks

 It is a major feature of contemporary processes of globalization


which are highly evident in the everyday lives of people and
organizations whose area of operations go beyond a country’s own
borders. Global networks can be seen in different fields like
business, migration, governance, terrorism, and science.
Types of Global Networks
Major Networks

There are two major networks, namely technical global networks and interpersonal global
networks.

Technical Global Networks – a form of global network adopted from telecommunication


systems that utilize a variety of satellite, cable, and wireless technologies.

Interpersonal Global Networks – a global network that includes cross-border groups such as
migrants, aid, or social workers involved in advocacy work and even professionals debating
new ideas.
Other Networks

Since global networks were multifunctional, Robert


J. Holton enumerated 12 types of global networks
that are used as analytic tools by authors in diverse
types of academic studies which were:
Other Networks

Advocacy Networks Business, Trading, and Commercial


 Networks
This network is made up of individuals
called actors. These actors called  This type of global network includes
activists represent a fresh and non- transnational economic and business
traditional type of global actors who are networks. It also includes commercial,
mobilized to influence, pressure, and business, enterprise, and innovation
persuade powerful organizations and networks.
governments.
Other Networks

Friendship Networks Imperial Networks


 This network looks into social  Analysis of empires is usually done by
communication patterns, interpersonal historians who study special patterns of
bonding, and social support. It focuses connections that link the metropoles
on the “cross-border movements of with the colonies.
people pursuing employment or life in
general in migrant or cosmopolitan
settings”.
Other Networks

Information Networks Knowledge/Intellectual Networks


 This network’s primary function is  This network gives importance to the
communication. These networks develop transmission of knowledge and its
as new technologies encounter a variety connection with policy development.
of functions
Other Networks

Migrant Networks Policy Networks


 webs of social ties that connect  defined as a set of relatively stable
individuals in a sending region to others relations that are nonhierarchical and
in a receiving context. An example of interdependent in nature that links a
this type of network is the cross-border variety of actors who have common
migrant network. interests with regard to a particular
policy, and exchange resources to pursue
these shared interests.
Other Networks

Professional Networks Religious Networks


 It is a type of network that deals with the  It deals with the religion practiced by
promotion of the professionals’ mental immigrants and their respective
and academic interests to support networks. Note that most of these
sociability and friendship. religions deal with the Islamic networks
Other Networks

Terrorist Networks Women’s Networks


 the focus on the study of the structure of  women have been a focus of many
terrorist groupings has parallelism with networks. Some of these networks focus
the structure of multinational companies on women themselves while others
and organized crimes. involve women networks alongside men.
Global Networks and
Globalization
Nature of Globalization

 Globalization –an international connection of people across countries.


Through globalization, companies have more access to markets while consumers have greater
access to different varieties of goods and services. It affects not only the political systems and
economic development of countries around the world but it also affects the environment,
culture, and physical well-being of societies in different parts of the world.
Elements of Globalization

 Globalization has 3 main elements:


1. Privatization – refers to the policies of the government to transfer government-owned
corporations and sell them to the control of the private sector.
2. Deregulation – refers to streamlining of government’s control over the industry for basic
supplies like oil supply, water, and electricity.
3. Liberalization – is a policy wherein laws regarding the preventive importation of products
are modified or totally abolished.
Types of Globalization

 Globalization has three primary types:


1. Economic Globalization – Globalization is an economic process that involves the movement
of economic resources from one country to another.
2. Cultural Globalization – the fast spread of cultural globalization became possible through
modern technology, particularly, satellite communication, telecommunication networks,
information technology, and the Internet.
3. Political Globalization – the establishment of regional organizations like the European
Union (EU), ASEAN, and APEC aims to establish a world under a single government.
Effects of Globalization

 Globalization has both positive and negative effects.

Positive: Negative:
• It provides an increase in the level of • It has led to cultural diversity and it has
global output. produced a unified global system of
• It brings the best technology and other culture and economic values.
forms of intellectual capital to countries • Others believe that it will only yield an
that can’t produce it. increasing inequality between
• International capital flows can transfer developing and developed countries.
savings from countries where the
marginal product of the capital is low to
those where it is high.
Globalization on Labor and Migration

 One aspect of economic globalization is human migration. Migration is said to be as old as


human civilizations, and there is clear proof that globalization is ultimately related to it.
The growing demand for laborers in most capitalist countries caused the migration of many
families from unprivileged communities.
 The Migration Push and Pull Theory – explains that people move to other places because
they were impelled by economic forces.
Push factors –those that motivate people to move from one place to another because of
difficulty, such as food shortage, war, flood, etc.
Pull factors – are those that motivate people to move their place to another place simply
because of some desirable reasons such as a nicer climate, better food supply, freedom, and
others.
Activity

List 5 types of networks and


give a brief description of
each.

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