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    Volcano

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    Wala Pogi
    A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust that allows magma, rock fragments, and gases to erupt to the surface. Volcanoes typically form at plate boundaries or over hotspots and come in three main types - shield volcanoes which erupt gently and build up in layers, cinder cone volcanoes which erupt explosively and have steep slopes, and composite volcanoes which have characteristics of both types. Scientists monitor volcanoes to detect warning signs of impending eruptions like earthquakes or changes in gas emissions.

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    Volcano

    Uploaded by

    Wala Pogi
    9 views23 pages
    A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust that allows magma, rock fragments, and gases to erupt to the surface. Volcanoes typically form at plate boundaries or over hotspots and come in three main types - shield volcanoes which erupt gently and build up in layers, cinder cone volcanoes which erupt explosively and have steep slopes, and composite volcanoes which have characteristics of both types. Scientists monitor volcanoes to detect warning signs of impending eruptions like earthquakes or changes in gas emissions.

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    A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust that allows magma, rock fragments, and gases to erupt to the surface. Volcanoes typically form at plate boundaries or over hotspots and come in three main types - shield volcanoes which erupt gently and build up in layers, cinder cone volcanoes which erupt explosively and have steep slopes, and composite volcanoes which have characteristics of both types. Scientists monitor volcanoes to detect warning signs of impending eruptions like earthquakes or changes in gas emissions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views23 pages

    Volcano

    Uploaded by

    Wala Pogi
    A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust that allows magma, rock fragments, and gases to erupt to the surface. Volcanoes typically form at plate boundaries or over hotspots and come in three main types - shield volcanoes which erupt gently and build up in layers, cinder cone volcanoes which erupt explosively and have steep slopes, and composite volcanoes which have characteristics of both types. Scientists monitor volcanoes to detect warning signs of impending eruptions like earthquakes or changes in gas emissions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    VOLCANO

    What is a volcano?
    •Volcano: an opening in
    Earth’s crust through which
    molten rock, rock
    fragments, and hot gases
    erupt.
    Main Parts of a Volcano
    1. Summit – an opening which either crater or a
    caldera.
    Crater – is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of
    a volcano while caldera is formed when a part of
    the wall collapses following an explosive eruption.
    2. Slope
    3. Base
    Where do volcanoes occur?
    Most form along plate boundaries ….
    1. in subduction zones (one plate
    sinks under another)
    2. over hot spots
    3. where plates are pulling apart
    What determines how explosive an
    eruption is?
    1.Water Vapor: more water=bigger explosion
    2.Trapped gases (water and CO2):
    • Easy escape (low pressure)=quiet eruption
    • Difficult to escape (high
    pressure)=explosive/violent eruption
    3. Magma Type:
    • Balastic (thin) =quiet eruption
    • Granitic/Andestic (thick)=violent eruption
    NOTE: A Pyroclastic flow is a fast moving
    mixture of water, gases and ash that can be
    deadly
    Classification of Volcanoes
    1. Active Volcanoes – are those that have a
    record of eruption within the last 600 years or
    those that erupted 10,000 years ago based on
    analyses of their materials.
    23 are active volcanoes in our country that has
    more than 100 hundred volcanoes.
    2. Inactive Volcanoes- are those
    that have not erupted for the past
    10,000 years and the physical form
    is being changed by agents of
    weathering and erosion through
    formation of deep and long gullies.
    3 Basic Volcano shapes

    •The shape and size are


    determined by the type of
    magma feeding it.
    1. Shield Volcano
    •Formed by quiet eruptions
    •Slow-moving lava flows
    •Basaltic lava builds up in flat layers
    •Largest with gently sloping sides
    •Ex: Mauna Kea-Hawaiian Islands
    Example of shield volcano
    Mauna Loa

    • Mt. Kilauea
    • Probably one of the world’s most active
    volcanoes.
    • The eruption of Kilauea Volcano that
    began in 1 983 continues at the cinder-
    and-spatter cone of Pu`u `O`o
    •
    2. Cinder Cone Volcano
    Caused by explosive
    eruptions
    Granitic lava thrown high
    into the air
    Lava cools into different
    sizes of volcanic material
    called tephra
    Steep-sided, loose slopes
    Example
    Cinder Cone Volcano
    Parícutin Volcano in Mexico is
    a great example of a cinder
    cone volcano.
    3. Composite Volcano

    • A mix of the other two types


    • Quiet or violent
    • Basaltic or granitic
    • Steep or gentle slopes
    • Layered of tephra
    Example of
    Composite Volcano
    • Mount St. Helen’s
    • Erupted in 1980
    • 57 fatalities
    • Over 7000 big game animals perished
    • 4 billion board feet of timber (enough to build
    about 300,000 two-bedroom homes)
    destroyed
    • Destroyed 27 bridges, nearly 200 homes. Blast
    and lahars destroyed more than 185 miles of
    highways and roads and 15 miles of railways.
    Example of
    Composite Volcano
    • Mount Pinatubo
    • Erupted in 1991
    • Killed 847 people
    • 184 people injured
    • 10, 000 home destroyed and another 5,000 were
    damaged.
    • The ash cloud took one year to spread around the
    globe, reducing global temperatures. This resulted in
    • Floods in 1993 along the Mississippi River
    • Drought in Africa in 1993
    • The US had its 3rd wettest & coldest winter on
    record.
    Scientists monitor volcanoes.
    • Scientists monitor volcanoes to look for
    warning signs that an eruption may be
    coming. Warning signs include:
    • Earthquakes
    • Changes in the tilt of the ground
    • Rising temperatures of openings
    • Changes in volcanic gases being tested.
    Both shield and composite volcanoes can form features
    called calderas, a huge crater formed by the collapse of the
    volcano when magma rapidly erupts from underneath it.

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