10.4 Dynamic Equilbrium Final
10.4 Dynamic Equilbrium Final
10.4 Dynamic Equilbrium Final
A + B C + D
forward reaction:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ® 2SO3(g)
at equilibrium
reverse reaction:
2SO3(g) ® 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
time
8 of 29 © Boardworks Ltd 2009
Position of equilibrium
A + B C + D
Increasing the concentration of a reactant causes the equilibrium to shift in the direction
that decreases this reactant’s concentration:
• The system opposes the change by decreasing the concentration of the reactant by
removing it.
• The position of equilibrium moves to the right-hand side, forming more products.
Increasing the concentration of a product causes the equilibrium to shift in the direction
that decreases this product’s concentration:
• The system opposes the change by decreasing the concentration of the product by
removing it.
• The position of equilibrium will move to the left-hand side, forming more reactants.
Pressure and equilibrium
• Increasing the total pressure of the system causes the position of equilibrium to move to
the side with fewer gas molecules, as this will decrease the pressure.
• In our equation, the position of equilibrium will move to the right.
• Decreasing the total pressure of the system causes the position of equilibrium to move
to the side with the greater number of gas molecules, as this will increase the pressure.
• In our equation, the position of equilibrium will move to the left.
Increasing the pressure of one of the gases in the system is the same as increasing its
concentration.
Temperature and equilibrium
Increasing the temperature of the system causes the position of equilibrium to move in
the direction that decreases the temperature:
• The position of equilibrium moves in the endothermic direction (left).
Decreasing the temperature of the system causes the position of equilibrium to move in
such a way as to increase the temperature:
• The position of equilibrium moves in the exothermic direction (Right).
Catalysts and equilibrium
A catalyst is a substance
that speeds up the rate without
catalyst
energy
of reaction by providing
an alternative reaction
pathway of lower energy. with catalyst
Answer
the
summary
questions
Green Pen Corrections
Green Pen Corrections
17/09/23
10.4 Dynamic Equilibrium
Back to the Objectives…
Lesson Objectives:
Learners should be able to demonstrate and apply their knowledge and understanding
of:
• Explanation that a dynamic equilibrium exists in a closed system when the rate of
the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction and the
concentrations of reactants and products do not change
• Le Chatelier’s principle and its application for homogeneous equilibria to deduce
qualitatively the effect of a change in temperature, pressure or concentration on the
position of equilibrium
• Explanation that a catalyst increases the rate of both forward and reverse reactions
in an equilibrium by the same amount resulting in an unchanged position of
equilibrium
• The techniques and procedures used to investigate changes to the position of
equilibrium for changes in concentration and temperature.
• Explanation of the importance to the chemical industry of a compromise between
chemical equilibrium and reaction rate in deciding the operational conditions