Abcd
Abcd
Abcd
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
ANTHROPOMETRIC, CLINICAL
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS AND DIET
INTRODUCTION
The nutritional status of an individual is
often the result of many inter-related
factors.
Mid-arm circumference
Skin fold thickness
Head circumference
Head/chest ratio
Hip/waist ratio
Measurements for adults
Height:
The subject stands erect & bare
footed on a stadiometer with a
movable head piece. The head
piece is leveled with skull vault &
height is recorded to the nearest
0.5 cm.
WEIGHT MEASUREMENT
Use a regularly calibrated electronic
or balanced-beam scale. Spring
scales are less reliable.
Arbitrary
statistical cut-off levels for
what considered as abnormal values.
Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency
HAIR
Spare & thin Protein, zinc, biotin
deficiency
MOUTH
Glossitis Riboflavin, niacin, folic acid,
B12 , pr.
Bleeding & spongy gums Vit. C,A, K, folic acid & niacin
Angular stomatitis, B 2,6,& niacin
cheilosis & fissured
tongue
leukoplakia Vit.A,B12, B-complex, folic
acid & niacin
Sore mouth & tongue Vit B12,6,c, niacin ,folic acid
& iron
Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency
EYES
NAILS
SKIN
Pallor Folic acid, iron, B12
Follicular Vitamin B & Vitamin C
hyperkeratosis
Flaking dermatitis PEM, Vit B2, Vitamin A,
Zinc & Niacin
Pigmentation, Niacin & PEM
desquamation
Bruising, purpura Vit K ,Vit C & folic acid
Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency
Thyroid gland
in mountainous
areas and far from
sea places Goiter is
a reliable sign of
iodine deficiency.
Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency
Limitations:
long Questionnaire
Errors with estimating serving size.
Needs updating with new commercial
food products to keep pace with
changing dietary habits.
DIETARY HISTORY
It is an accurate method for assessing the
nutritional status.
The information should be collected by a
trained interviewer.
Details about usual intake, types, amount,
frequency & timing needs to be obtained.
Cross-checking to verify data is important.
FOOD DAIRY
Food intake (types & amounts)
should be recorded by the subject at
the time of consumption.