LESSON PLAN

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By
OGUNTONA Bayo Oluwajuwonlo
NCE, B.Ed, M.Ed
Seminar for Teaching Staff
AIPATE BAPTIST GRAMMAR SCHOOL,
IWO.
MEANING OF LESSON PLAN
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 A lesson plan is a teacher's guide for facilitating a
lesson. It typically includes the goal (what students
need to learn), how the goal will be achieved (the
method of delivery and procedure) and a way to
measure how well the goal was reached (usually via
homework assignments or testing).
 A lesson plan is the instructor’s road map of what
students need to learn and how it will be done
effectively during the class time
 
 A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of
the course of instruction or "learning trajectory" for a
lesson. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher
to guide class learning. Details will vary depending
on the preference of the teacher, subject being
covered, and the needs of the students. There may be
requirements mandated by the school system
regarding the plan.
 Herbartian approach:
Fredrick Herbart (1776-1841)
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 According to Herbart, there are eight lesson plan
phases that are designed to provide "many
opportunities for teachers to recognize and correct
students' misconceptions while extending
understanding for future lessons." These phases are:
Introduction, Foundation, Brain Activation, Body of
New Information, Clarification, Practice and Review,
Independent Practice, and Closure
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 Preparation/Instruction: It pertains to preparing and
motivating children to the lesson content by linking it to the
previous knowledge of the student, by arousing curiosity of
the children and by making an appeal to their senses. This
prepares the child's mind to receive new knowledge. "To know
where the pupils are and where they should try to be are the
two essentials of good teaching." Lessons may be started in the
following manner: a. Two or three interesting but relevant
questions b. Showing a picture/s, a chart or a model c. A
situation Statement of Aim: Announcement of the focus of the
lesson in a clear, concise statement such as "Today, we shall
study the..."
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 Presentation/Development: The actual lesson commences here. This
step should involve a good deal of activity on the part of the students.
The teacher will take the aid of various devices, e.g., questions,
illustrations, explanation, expositions, demonstration and sensory aids,
etc. Information and knowledge can be given, explained, revealed or
suggested. The following principles should be kept in mind. a. Principle
of selection and division: This subject matter should be divided into
different sections. The teacher should also decide as to how much he is
to tell and how much the pupils are to find out for themselves. b.
Principle of successive sequence: The teacher should ensure that the
succeeding as well as preceding knowledge is clear to the students. c.
Principle of absorption and integration: In the end separation of the
parts must be followed by their combination to promote understanding
of the whole.
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 Association comparison: It is always desirable that new
ideas or knowledge be associated to daily life situations
by citing suitable examples and by drawing comparisons
with the related concepts. This step is important when we
are establishing principles or generalizing definitions.
 Generalizing: This concept is concerned with the
systematizing of the knowledge learned. Comparison and
contrast lead to generalization. An effort should be made
to ensure that students draw the conclusions themselves.
It should result in students' own thinking, reflection and
experience.
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 Application: It requires a good deal of mental activity to
think and apply the principles learned to new situations.
Knowledge, when it is put to use and verified, becomes
clear and a part of the student's mental make-up.
 Recapitulation: Last step of the lesson plan, the teacher tries
to ascertain whether the students have understood or
grasped the subject matter or not. This is used for
assessing/evaluating the effectiveness of the lesson by
asking students questions on the contents of the lesson or
by giving short objectives to test the student's level of
understanding; for example, to label different parts on a
diagram, etc.
FORMAT OF A LESSON PLAN
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While there are many formats for a lesson plan, most lesson plans
contain some or all of these elements, typically in this order:
 Title of the lesson
 Time required to complete the lesson
 List of required materials
 List of objectives, which may be behavioral objectives (what the
student can do at lesson completion) or knowledge objectives (what
the student knows at lesson completion)
 The set (or lead-in, or bridge-in) that focuses students on the
lesson's skills or concepts—these include showing pictures or
models, asking leading questions, or reviewing previous lessons
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 An instructional component that describes the sequence of events
that make up the lesson, including the teacher's instructional
input and, where appropriate, guided practice by students to
consolidate new skills and ideas
 Independent practice that allows students to extend skills or
knowledge on their own
 A summary, where the teacher wraps up the discussion and
answers questions
 An evaluation component, a test for mastery of the instructed
skills or concepts—such as a set of questions to answer or a set
of instructions to follow
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 A risk assessment where the lesson's risks and the
steps taken to minimize them are documented
 An analysis component the teacher uses to reflect on
the lesson itself—such as what worked and what
needs improving
 A continuity component reviews and reflects on
content from the previous lesson[
 Delivery of Lesson Plans
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 The following guidelines were set by Canadian
Council on Learning to enhance the effectiveness of
the teaching process:
 At the start of teaching, provide the students with an
overall picture of the material to be presented. When
presenting material, use as many visual aids as
possible and a variety of familiar examples. Organize
the material so that it is presented in a logical manner
and in meaningful units. Try to use terms and
concepts that are already familiar to the students.
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 Maximize the similarity between the learning
situation and the assessment situation and provide
adequate training practice. Give students the chance
to use their new skills immediately on their return
home through assignments.
 Motivation affects teaching outcomes
 Research shows that it is important to create a
perceived need for learning
Lesson Plan & Lesson Note, are they the same?


 A lesson plan is a step by step description of how a
teacher is going to teach. It states the objectives,
content and the methods a teacher is going to use in
that particular lesson.
 A lesson note on the other hand is the content of the
lesson which is given to students for revision and
further studies.
QUESTION & ANSWER
SESSION
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 THE END
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 THANKS FOR YOUR RAPT ATTENTION