Medication Administration

Medication Administration
 The preparation and administration of medi

cations are vital nursing functions.
 In order that the medications are reasonable
,safe and effective to patients,nurse must al
so be skilled at adminstering medications ,e
valuate the effects of medications .
Routes of Administration
 1.Oral Administration
 2.Sublingual Administration
 3.Injection Routes
 Intradermal(ID)
Principles of Administering Medications
 1.Prepare drugs according to the doctor’s orders.

 2.Use the Guidelines of Three Checks and Seven
Rights to Ensure Safe Drug Administration
 3.Administer medication safely and accurately
 4.Observe the client’s response to the medication
after administration
 Three Checks:
 Before intervention
 During intervention
 After intervention
Seven Right
The right name of the client.
 The right bed number of the client.
 The right name of the medication.
 The right concentration.
 Right dose.
 Right route
 Right time
Common abbreviation used in
medication orders
abbreviation meaning Administration time
qd Every day 8:00

bid Twice a day 8:00 16:00
tid 3 times a day 8:00 12:00 16:00
qid 4times a day 8:00 12:00 16:00
qod Every other day

ac Before meals
pc After meals
hs At bed time
qh Every hour
q2h Every 2 hour
q4h Every 4 hour
st At once
prn Whenever there is a
need(long time)
sos As needed(only one time
Within 12 hours)
qm Every morning
qn Every night
12n 12 clock at night
Managing Physician’s Order
 physician order recording book( 医嘱本 )
physician order
sheet( 医嘱单 )
various types of forms that are
necessary for implementation ( 各种
执行单 )
physician order
sheet
STAT order Sheet
Standing order Sheet

Contents of Physician Order
 Date, Time, • medication (name,

 Bed No, Name dosage, routes of
administration);
• routine care
• pre-operation preparation;
• grade of nursing • diagnostic Study and
• diet therapy, preparation for
• body position diagnostic test or surgery
•physician's signature
• nurse's signature
Types of Physician Order
 StandingOrder
 STAT Order
 PRN Order
 SOS Order
Standing Order
A standing order
is valid until it is cancelled by the
physician. Usually the valid time of a
standing order exceeds 24 hours.
Medrol 4 mg( milligramme)qid

STAT Order
安定 5mg hs.
 The valid time limit of a STAT order is

within 24 hours, usually only once.
 Sometimes a STAT (ST) order
signifies that a single dose of
medication is to be given immediately.
 Demerol 50mg IM st( a narcotic pain medicine)

SOS Order
 The valid time of the SOS order is within 12

hours.
 It will be carried out only once as the state
of an illness needs.
 It becomes invalid if it exceeds the time
limit.
 Demerol 50mg IM sos

 (used if necessary)
PRN Order
 PRN order is a kind of standing order.

 The physician may order a treatment on a
PRN basis if the client's condition needs.
 Often the physician sets minimal intervals
between two times of administration.
Demerol 50mg im q6h prn

Administering Medication
by Injection
Principles of Injections
 1.Carrying out check Principles strictly
 2.Apply sterile technique
 Preparation of nurses
 Maintain sterility of equipment
 Arrange equipment in proper site and order
to avoid contamination.
 Sterilizethe local skin over injection site as
required.
 From the center outward,with the diameter
of about 5cm.
 Prepare the medication just before jnjection.
 3.Appropriate syringe and needle
Syringes and needles used for
different injection
Injection method Syringe needle
Intradermal injection 1ml 4-41/2
Hypodermic injection 3,5ml 5-6
Intramuscilar injection 3,5,10ml 6-61/2
Intravenous injection 6-9

 4.Appropriate injection site
 Select appropriate injection site away from
 Nerves,bones,and blood vessels.
 The skin surface of the site should be free of
inflammation,nodules and scars.
 For the client with long period of
injection,the nurse should change the site
for each injection to protect tissue.
 For the client with intravenous injection,the
nurse should use a distal site first,which
allows for the use of proximal sites later.
 5.Eject air thoroughly
 Before injection,the air
bubble in syringe
should be
ejected,especially for
intravenous.
 6.Note blood return
 Check blood return
 When administering medication by H,ID or
IM,avoid injecting medication into vessels.
 7.Insert needle at appropriate degree and
angle.
 Intradermal Injection
 Subcutaneous Injection
 Intramuscular Injection
20-25°
5°
90°
90° 或 45°
30-40°
 Intradermal Injection
 Subcutaneous Injection
 Intramuscular Injection
 Intravenous Injection
 8.Give no-pain injection
 Explain the procedure to minimize anxiety
 of client.
 assist the client to take a comfortable
 position to reduce the strain on muscles.
 Insert and withdraw the needle quickly ,and
 inject the medication slowly and steadily.
 That is called “two quick and one slow”,
The Equipment and supplies
used for an
injection.
Syringe and Needle
needle syringe
bevel shaft hub tip barrel plunger flange

1. 各型注射器
Withdrawing a drug from an
ampule
自安瓿中吸药法（大安瓿）
1.Preparing
Nurse
Equipment
Environment
2. Check the medication
order
MEDICATION FORMS
 Vials
 Ampules
Check medications
3. Withdrawing a drug from an
ampule
3. Withdrawing a drug from an
ampule
 (1)Sterilizeand broken ampule.
 (2) Withdra drug :
 Insert the needle into the ampule
Preparing an Injection from a small Ampule
Preparing an Injection from a large Ampule
Withdrawing a drug from a sealed
bottle
Preparing an Injection from a Vial
 Remove the cap,sterilize
 Inject the measured air
 Reverse the vials and syringe,make the
tip under the liquid surface.
 Withdraw drug
 5.Eject air: syringe straight up
 6.put the empty medicine bottles or
ampule
 on the needle in order to check.
 Place it in sterilize towels to prepare
injection.

Medication Administration

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medication Administration

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medication Administration

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medication Administration

 The preparation and administration of medi

 1.Prepare drugs according to the doctor’s orders.

qd Every day 8:00

qod Every other day

STAT order Sheet

Standing order Sheet

 Date, Time, • medication (name,

Medrol 4 mg( milligramme)qid

 The valid time limit of a STAT order is

 Demerol 50mg IM st( a narcotic pain medicine)

 The valid time of the SOS order is within 12

 Demerol 50mg IM sos

 PRN order is a kind of standing order.

Demerol 50mg im q6h prn

Intramuscilar injection 3,5,10ml 6-61/2

Intravenous injection 6-9

bevel shaft hub tip barrel plunger flange

You might also like