INTROUCTION Syllabus
INTROUCTION Syllabus
Science
Ms. Roan Fair Rayos, LPT
Course Information Syllabus
03 04
Explain the importance of Explain and identify the
models in decision making appropriate management
process. science technique in
managerial problems.
1.1 Definition and
Characteristics of Management
Science
What is Management
Science?
● According to Turban and Meridith,
management science is applying
analytical principles, procedures, and
instruments to problems concerning
device processes in order to offer
optimal answers to the problems for
those in charge of the processes.
Major Characteristics of Management Science
1. A main focus on decision making by the managers.
2. Usage of the analytical model to the decision-making
phase.
3. Examining the condition of the judgment from a specific
viewpoint
4. Using methods and expertise from multiple disciplines.
5. A dependency on the mathematical models of shape.
6. Computer widespread use.
Decision Making
• a method of deciding between two or more
possible courses of action necessary to accomplish a
particular goal.
• It is a systematic process and can be described by:
a. defining the problem
b. searching for alternative courses of action
c. evaluating alternatives
d. choosing one alternative
1.2 Models and Modelling
Model
• is an abstract mathematical representation of a problem situation.
Modelling
• the application of scientific methods to complex organizational
problems
Management science follows a rational, structured approach to problem solving
that strongly resembles what is known as the analytical process of problem-
solving.
Example:
A business firm that sells a product. The product costs $5 to
produce and sells for $20. the product is made from steel and
that the business firm has 100 pounds of steel available. If it
takes 4 pounds of steel to make each unit of the product.
Compute the total profit that will accrue from the items sold.
Try these:
Consider a model in which two products, x and y, are
produced. There are 100 pounds of material and 80 hours of
labor available. It requires 2 pounds of material and 1 hour of
labor to produce a unit of x, and 4 pounds of material and 5
hours of labor to produce a unit of y. The profit for x is $30
per unit, and the profit for y is $50 per unit. If we want to
know how many units of x and y to produce to maximize
profit.
1.3 Management Science
Techniques
Linear Programming
• This is one of management science's best-known tools. This strategy
describes the problem as maximizing a linear function (minimizing) with
reference to the set of linear constraints.
Goal Programming
• a specific methodology for coping with such situations, usually in linear
programming.
Distribution Models
• outlines how goods make their way from the manufacturer to a consumer
outlet.
Distribution Problems:
> Problem of Transportation
> Problem of Assignment
Project Management
• focuses on planning and organizing a project and its resources
Inventory Models
• deal with the time at which orders for certain goods are to be placed,
and the quantity of the order
Waiting Line Models
• based on mathematical theories and deals with the problems arising
due to flow of customers towards the service facility.
Simulation
• is a programming experience with a simulation model intended to explain and
measure the actions of the real system-the machine software simulates the
actual system.
Decision Analysis
• a formalized approach to making optimal choices under conditions of
uncertainty.
Theory of Games
• This field is an expansion of the decision making of two or more decision-
makers to the circumstances.
Forecasting
• support the manager predicting future elements of the business operation
Multicriteria Decision Making
• a structured process for evaluating options with conflicting criteria
and choosing the best solution
Markov Analysis
• This approach can be used for explaining a system 's actions in a
complex scenario (system progression over time).
Dynamic Programming
• a mathematical technique for solving certain types of sequential
decision problems
Thank you and
God Bless!