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    Anova 1

    Uploaded by

    Lorraine Galsim
    Treatment times in days for four groups of four patients each receiving different treatments for an ailment are shown.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Anova 1

    Uploaded by

    Lorraine Galsim
    18 views20 pages
    Treatment times in days for four groups of four patients each receiving different treatments for an ailment are shown.

    Original Title

    ANOVA-1

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Treatment times in days for four groups of four patients each receiving different treatments for an ailment are shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views20 pages

    Anova 1

    Uploaded by

    Lorraine Galsim
    Treatment times in days for four groups of four patients each receiving different treatments for an ailment are shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 20

    SIMPLE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

    Analysis of variance ( ANOVA) is a technique in


    inferential statistics designed to test whether
    or not more than two sample(or groups are
    significantly different from each other.

    ANOVA is a simultaneous test taking the


    samples all at a single time
    The application of ANOVA requires
    three basic assumptions
    • The various groups of measurement are
    assumed to be obtained from a population
    with normal distribution.
    • Each group is randomly selected and
    independent of all other groups.
    • The variables from each group come from
    distributions with approximately the same
    standard deviation.
    Steps Involve In Constructing the Analysis of
    Variance
    1. Group the data by treatments and calculate
    the treatment totals, treatment means and
    grand total.
    2. Formulate the null and alternative
    hypotheses.
    3. Construct an outline of the ANOVA as
    follows:
    Source of variation Degrees of Sum of Squares Mean Sum of
    Freedom Squares

    Between column =ssb/dfb

    Within column =ssw/dfw

    Total
    4. Determine the degrees of freedom (df) for
    each source of variation as follows:
    dfT = NT– 1

    dfTr = NTr– 1

    dfE = dfT– dfTr


    Where:
    dfT – Total degrees of freedom
    dfTr – Treatment degrees of freedom
    dfE – Error degrees of freedom
    NT– total number of observations
    5. Calculate the Sum of Squares as follows:

    Where:
    CF – Correction Factor
    GT – Grand Total
    NT – Total number of Observations

    Where:
    TSS – Total Sum of Squares
    = + + + ….
    CF – Correction Factor
    Where:
    Treatment Sum of Squares
    reatment total of group A
    reatment total of group B
    reatment total of group C
    NTr– Total number treatments
    CF – Correction Factor

    ESS/SSw = TSS - TrSS


    Where:
    E Sum of Squares
    TTotal Sum of Squares
    Treatment Sum of Squares
    6. Calculate the Mean Squares (MS) by dividing each
    SS by its corresponding degrees of freedom

    Treatment MS = Treatment SS
    Treatment df

    Error MS = Error SS
    Error MS

    7. Calculate the observed F- value

    F = Treatment MS
    Error MS
    8. Obtain the tabular F-values using the treatment df
    as f1 and the error df as f2
    9. Fill up the ANOVA table with values compute in
    steps 4-8
    10. Compare the computed F-value with the tabular
    values based on the ff decisions:
    a. Reject Ho if the computed value is equal to or
    greater than the tabular value. Hence, the
    computed F-value is significant.
    b. Accept Ho if the computed value is less than the
    tabular value. Hence the computed F- value is
    insignificant
    Example:
    1. Three groups of students (6 in each group )
    were subjected to one of three types of teaching
    method. The grades of the students are taken at
    the end of the semester and enumerated
    according to the grouping
    Groups
    I II III
    Student Method A B C
    1 84 70 90
    2 90 75 95
    3 92 90 100
    4 96 80 98
    5 84 75 88
    6 88 75 90
    534 465 561
    (Xa)2 (Xb)2 (Xc)2

    7056 4900 8100

    8100 5625 9025

    8464 8100 10,000

    9216 6400 9604

    7056 5625 7744

    7744 5625 8100

    47636 36275 52573

    Ho:
    there is no significant difference among the three
    types of teaching method
    Set
    the desired level of significance: 1 or 5 %
    ∑x = 534 + 465 + 561 =1560

    ∑x2=47636+36275+52573 = 136,484
    Get the total sum of squares (TSS)

    = 135,200

    TSS =
    ∑x2 – CF
    =136,484 –135,200
    =
    1284
    Get the between-column variance or between
    column sum of squares (SSb) is 1/r of the sum of
    the squares of the column sums, minus the
    correction term, where r refer to the number of
    rows
    SSb = 1 Ʃ(sum of each column) 2 - CF
    #rows
    = 1 (534 2 +465 2 + 561 2 ) –135,200
    6
    = 1 ( 816,102 ) – 135,200
    6
    = 817
    The within column variance or within column sum of squares
    is the difference between the total sum of squares and the
    between column sum of squares
    SSw = TSS –SSb
    = 1284 – 817 = 467

    ANOVA TABLE ON THE THREE SAMPLES


    SUBJECTED TO DIFF TEACHING METHODS
    Source of Variation Sum of Squares df MSS =SS/df
    Between-column 817 2 (k-1) 408.5
    Within-column 467 15 k(n-1) 31.13
    Total 1284 17 (N-1)
    Note: k = column , k = 3, n = 6
    n = size of the sample per column
    Degrees of freedom:
    Total df = total # of items – 1
    N–1= 18 – 1 = 17
    Total df = rk – 1 r = rows , k = # of columns
    3(6) – 1 = 17
    Between column df = no of columns – 1
    dfb = k – 1 = 3–1=2
    Within column df = total df- between column df
    dfw = df – dfb = 17 – 2 = 15
    The mean sum of squares (MSS) – divide each
    sum of squares by their corresponding
    degrees of freedom
    a. MSSb = SSb / dfb = 817/2 = 408.5
    b. MSSw = SSw / dfw = 467/15 = 31.13

    Locate the tabular value of F, by getting the


    intersection value of =2 (df of greater
    MSS) and = 15 (df of smaller value)
    5% significance :df = 3.68
    1% significance ;df = 6.36
    Calculate the value of F
    F = MSSb = 408.5 = 13.12 computed
    MSSw 31.13 value
    Compare the computed F value with the tabular value,
    then state the decision
    If the computed value is less than the tabular value,
    accept Ho, insignificant
    If the computed value is greater than the tabular value ,
    reject Ho, significant
    13.12 is greater than 3.68 reject Ho
    13.12 is greater than 3.68
    Conclusion: There is a significant difference among the
    teaching methods
    2. The following are the mileage obtained after
    several road tests were run using five different
    kinds of gasoline on a toyota car
    Road Test Gas A B C D E
    1st 35 61 38 65 56
    2nd 31 63 54 60 69
    3rd 42 50 47 57 70
    4th 48 42 60 55 50
    5th 40 49 55 60 48
    3. Four groups of 4 patients each were subjected
    to 4 different types of treatment for the same
    ailment. The ff data are on the number of days
    that elapsed before they were completely
    cured. What conclusions may be drawn about
    the four types of treatment?
    A B C D
    Patient1 10 11 3 6
    2 9 11 4 10
    3 6 18 5 8
    4 7 6 7 11

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