The document describes procedures for determining the moisture-density relationship of soils using standard Proctor compaction tests. The test involves compacting soil at different moisture contents and measuring the dry density. A curve is plotted of dry density versus moisture content to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil. These values indicate the moisture level at which the soil can be most densely compacted in the field.
The document describes procedures for determining the moisture-density relationship of soils using standard Proctor compaction tests. The test involves compacting soil at different moisture contents and measuring the dry density. A curve is plotted of dry density versus moisture content to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil. These values indicate the moisture level at which the soil can be most densely compacted in the field.
The document describes procedures for determining the moisture-density relationship of soils using standard Proctor compaction tests. The test involves compacting soil at different moisture contents and measuring the dry density. A curve is plotted of dry density versus moisture content to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil. These values indicate the moisture level at which the soil can be most densely compacted in the field.
The document describes procedures for determining the moisture-density relationship of soils using standard Proctor compaction tests. The test involves compacting soil at different moisture contents and measuring the dry density. A curve is plotted of dry density versus moisture content to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil. These values indicate the moisture level at which the soil can be most densely compacted in the field.
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Determination of moisture –density
relationship by Proctor Compaction Test EX. NO.5 2 Scope & Aim
Scope: The objective of the experiment is to determine the relationship between water content and dry density of soil using Standard Proctor Test (light compaction) and then to determine the optimum water content and the corresponding maximum dry density for a soil. The test also covers the determination of relationship between penetration resistance and water content for the compacted soil. Aim: To determine Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum dry density for a soil by conducting standard proctor compaction test. 3 Theory:
Compaction is the process of densification of soil mass, by reducing air voids under dynamic loading. On the other hand though consolidation is also a process of densification of soil mass but it is due to the expulsion of water under the action of continuously acting static load over a long period. The degree of compaction of a soil is measured in terms of its dry density. The degree of compaction mainly depends upon its moisture content during compaction, compaction energy and the type of soil. For a given compaction energy, every soil attains the maximum dry density at a particular water content which is known as optimum moisture content (OMC). Compaction of soil increases its dry density, shear strength and bearing capacity. The compaction of soil decreases its void ratio permeability and settlements. The results of this test are useful in studying the stability earthen structures like earthen dams, embankments roads and airfields. In such constructions the soils are compacted. The moisture content at which the soils are to be compacted in the field is estimated by the value of optimum moisture content determined by the Proctor compaction test. 4 Apparatus Required:
1) Proctor mould having a capacity of 1000 cc with an internal diameter of 100 mm and a height of 127.3 mm. The mould shall have a detachable collar assembly and a detachable base plate. 2) Rammer: A mechanical operated metal rammer having a 5.08 cm diameter face and a weight of 2.5 kg. The rammer shall be equipped with a suitable arrangement to control the height of drop to a free fall of 30 cm. 3) Sample extruder. 4) A balance of 15 kg capacity. 5) Sensitive balance. 6) Straight edge. 7) Graduated cylinder. 8) Mixing tools such as mixing pan, spoon, towel, spatula etc. 9) Moisture tins. 5 6 7 Procedure:
Take about 3 kg of air-dried soil
Sieve the soil through 20mm sieve. Take the soil that passes through the sieve for testing. Take 2.5 kg of the soil and add water to it to bring its moisture content to about 4% in coarse grained soils and 8% in case of fine-grained soils. Clean, dry and grease the mould and base plate. Weigh the mould with base plate. Fit the collar. Compact the wet soil in three equal layers by the rammer with 25 evenly distributed blows in each layer. Remove the collar and trim off the soil flush with the top of the mould. In removing the collar rotates it to break the bond between it and the soil before lifting it off the mould. Clean the outside of the mould and weigh the mould with soil and base plate. Remove the soil from the mould and obtain a representative soil sample from the bottom, middle and top for water content determination. Repeat the above procedure with 8,12,16 and 20 % of water contents for coarse grained soil and 14,18,22 and 26 % for fine grained soil samples approximately. The above moisture contents are given only for guidance. However, the moisture contents may be selected based on experience so that, the dry density of soil shows the increase in moisture content. Each trial should be performed on a fresh sample. 8 Observation
Dia. of the mould, D (cm) = 10cm
Vol. of the mould, V (cm³) = Ht. of the mould, H (cm) = 12.5cm Wt. of the mould, W1 (g) = 4792g S.No Description Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 (a) Density 9 1 Weight of mould (W1) (g) 4792 4792 4792 4792 2 Weight of the mould + compacted soil (W2) (g) 7107 7247 7291 6952 3 Weight of compacted soil, W (W2 – W1) (g) 2315 2455 2499 2160 4 Bulk density(ρ )( (g/cc) 2.35924 2.50191 2.54675 2.20127 5 Dry density (ρd) (g/cc) 2.12331 2.12662 2.16474 1.80504 (b) Water content 6 Container number 1 2 3 4 7 Empty weight of container(W3) (g) 80 80 80 80 8 Weight of container + wet soil(W4) (g) 180 180 180 180 9 Weight of container + dry soil(W5) (g) 170 165 165 162 10 Weight of dry soil [W6=(W5 – W3)] (g) 90 85 85 82 11 Weight of wet soil (W5 – W4) (g) 90 85 85 82 12 Weight of water[W7= (W4 – W5)] (g) 10 15 15 18 13 Moisture content, w [(W7 /W6)*100](%) 11.1111 17.6471 17.6471 21.9512 Observation 14 Dia. of the mould, D (cm) = 10cm 15 Vol. of the mould, V (cm³) = 981.25 981.25 981.25 981.25 16 Ht. of the mould, H (cm) = 12.5cm 17 % of Water added 6 8 10 12 10 Calculations:
Enter all the observations in Table and calculate the wet density. Calculate the dry density by using the equation. Plot the moisture content on X axis and dry density on Y axis. Draw a smooth curve passing through the points called compaction curve. Read the point of maximum dry density and corresponding water content from the compaction curve. Dry density,𝜌𝑑= 𝜌/(1+𝜔) Dry unit weight, 𝛾𝑑=(𝜌𝑑×9.81) Moisture-Density relationship: The dry density of the soil shall be plotted as ordinates and the corresponding moisture content as abscissas. The moisture content corresponding to the peak of the moisture-density curve is termed the “Optimum Moisture content” of the soil. The dry density of the soil at optimum moisture content is termed as “Maximum density”. 11 12 Results:
