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Lecture 7 - PHP - Part 1

PHP code is needed to process the form data submitted from the HTML page. The PHP script would: 1. Get the form field values from the $_POST superglobal array 2. Validate the submitted data 3. Save or display the processed data The key steps are: 1. Create a PHP file called "dataEntry.php" to process the form submission. 2. In dataEntry.php, get the form field values from $_POST: $day = $_POST['day']; $month = $_POST['month']; $year = $_POST['year'];

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33 views

Lecture 7 - PHP - Part 1

PHP code is needed to process the form data submitted from the HTML page. The PHP script would: 1. Get the form field values from the $_POST superglobal array 2. Validate the submitted data 3. Save or display the processed data The key steps are: 1. Create a PHP file called "dataEntry.php" to process the form submission. 2. In dataEntry.php, get the form field values from $_POST: $day = $_POST['day']; $month = $_POST['month']; $year = $_POST['year'];

Uploaded by

pnguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What does PHP stand for?

PHP Hypertext Processor

PHP Hypertext Processor

PHP Hypertext Processor

PHP Hypertext Processor Recursive acronym!

Not Personal Home Page


What is PHP?

•Server-side programming language

•Designed for quick development of HTML based dynamic web pages


–Server side scripts embedded in HTML pages
–<?php …… ?>

•Elements of C, Java, and Perl


Evolution of PHP
• 1994, Rasmus Lerdorf: started off as a series of
Perl scripts
• June 8, 1995: Personal Home Page/Forms
Interpreter, released to the public
• June, 1998, PHP3
• PHP4 introduced features of object-oriented
programming
– Objects/classes
– Pass/return by reference
• PHP5 added more OO features
– Exception handling
– Abstract classes and methods
Client: makes a request
requests an Internet
Client resource by
(browser) specifying a URL and
providing input via HTTP
Web encoded strings
browser

GET hello.php HTTP/1.1 Server


Host: www.massey.ac.nz:80
os
Web
server

os

Internet

Network Core
Server: responds
• Webserver supports
HTTP.
Server

Web
server My codes
PHP
HTTP HTML MySQL
interpreter
Client
Operating System
Web
TCP/IP
browser

Internet
What’s happening?
Client (browser) Web server

GET hello.php HTTP/1.1


Host: www.massey.ac.nz:80

Find hello.php
Parse the file
Run php parts through PHP interpreter
Deliver resulting document to port 80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
(document body)
Display resulting
document on the
screen
PHP Designer
Configure your PHP editor to access the PHP interpreter
From the menu bar, select Tools/Preferences
1st PHP program
Enter this text in a file called “hello.php”

<html>
<head><title>Hello</title></head>
<body>

<?php
print "<h1>Hi there!</h1>";
?>

</body>
</html>

Load the URL in a browser and see what happens


Comparison with Javascript

Javascript is sent from server and runs on the client side.

PHP runs on the server, just like CGI scripts.


The client does not see the PHP code - only the results.
results

But PHP has some advantages.


Interpreted language

PHP is an interpreted language, i.e. an interpreter runs the code directly


without compiling

Interpreted languages include: PHP, Perl, Python

Compiled languages include: C, C++, Java

PHP code is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is
sent to the browser.
Basic Syntax
• a PHP scripting block always starts with <?php and ends with ?>.
• a PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document.

• contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code.

• each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon.

• The file must have a .php extension. If the file has a .html extension, the PHP
code will not be executed.

• possible extensions: ".php", ".php3", ".php4", ".php5“, ".phtml”,


• ".inc", ".tpl",
PHP Variables
Variables in PHP are dynamically typed - no need to declare them
- PHP is a weakly-typed programming language

Variable names begin with $ then a character (not number)


$value = 1;
 $x = 1.432344;
 $myName = “Rasmus Lerdorf”;
 yourName = “Zeev Suraski”; //invalid, missing $
 $7eleven = “McGyver”; //invalid, starts with a number
PHP supports references (BE CAREFUL syntax is slightly different
from C++!)
$a = &$x;
Assign by reference (an alias)
To assign by reference, simply place an ampersand (&) at the beginning of the
variable which is being assigned (the source variable). For instance, the
following code snippet outputs 'My name is Angus' twice:

<?php

$foo = ‘Angus'; // Assign the value ‘Angus' to $foo


$bar = &$foo; // Reference $foo via $bar.
$bar = "My name is $bar"; // Alter $bar...
echo $bar;
echo $foo; // $foo is altered too.

?>
Try the following

Modify “hello.php” to print your name after assigning it to a variable.

What happens if this line is inserted into the php script?


print "<small>" . date("Y M d", getlastmod()) . "</small>";

What happens if you call phpinfo()?

phpinfo() is a valuable debugging tool as it contains all EGPCS


(Environment, GET, POST, Cookie, Server) data.
Jumping in and out of PHP

<html><head><title>1st PHP</title></head><body>

<?php
print "This line was PHP generated";
?>
<p> This line was not... </p>
<?php
print "This line was also PHP generated";
?>

</body></html>
Comments
C-style:
// this is a comment

Shell script style:


# this is a comment

Multi-line comments:
/* this is a comment
this is the continuation of the comment */

Note: Nested multi-line comments are not allowed.


PHP Variables

Boolean boo
Integer int
Float flo
String str
Array arr
Object obj
PHP Variables

Convention:

$strName1='some name';
$intNumber1=2000000000;
$floNumber2=2.456;
$floNumber3=1.8e308; //notice scientific notation
PHP Constants
By default, case-sensitive as are variables

define(“DEFAULT_SCRIPT”, “php”);
define(“MIN_SPEED”, 2);

define(“DEFAULT_SCRIPT”, “php”,TRUE);
You can turn a constant variable case-insensitve
using a third argument set to TRUE.
PHP Operators
=, ==, +, -, /, *, &&, ||, !, ++, --, %, /=, *=, >, <, >=, <=, &, |, ^, ~

– All similar to C

Additionally,

String concatenation
. $fullName = $firstName . “ “ . $lastName;
Identical test operator:
operator same type as well as same
===, !=== value
Error suppression command
@ When placed in front of an expression in PHP, any
error messages that might be generated by that
expression will be ignored.
Back tick to execute shell commands (be careful for
`` variations on different platforms)
Execution Operator (` `)
Note that these are not single-quotes!

PHP will attempt to execute the contents of the


backticks as a shell command;

<?php
$output = `dir *.php`;
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
?>
<html>
<head><title>Date of Birth</title></head>

HTML with Form


<body>
<p>Please enter your date of birth </p>
<form action="dataEntry.php" method="post">
<table cellspacing="5">
<tr><td valign="middle" colspan=2> Day
<!-- drop-down list for days -->
<select name=day>
<option selected="selected" value=""> no day </option>
<option value="1">1</option>
Consider this html source to <option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>

produce a simple form.


<option value="4">4</option>
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="6">6</option>
<option value="7">7</option>
<option value="8">8</option>
<option value="9">9</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="11">11</option>
<option value="12">12</option>
<option value="13">13</option>
<option value="14">14</option>
<option value="15">15</option>
<option value="16">16</option>
<option value="17">17</option>
<option value="18">18</option>
<option value="19">19</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="21">21</option>
<option value="22">22</option>
<option value="23">23</option>
<option value="24">24</option>

Very cumbersome <option value="25">25</option>


<option value="26">26</option>
<option value="27">27</option>
and error prone! <option value="28">28</option>
<option value="29">29</option>
<option value="30">30</option>
<option value="31">31</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
</table>
</form> </body> </html>
PHP makes it easier
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
<option value="4">4</option>
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="6">6</option>
<?php
<option value="7">7</option>
<option value="8">8</option>
for ($day = 1; $day<= 31; ++$day) {
<option value="9">9</option>
<option value="10">10</option> print "\t<option value=\"$day\">$day</option>\n";
<option value="11">11</option>
<option value="12">12</option> }
<option value="13">13</option>
<option value="14">14</option> ?>
<option value="15">15</option>
<option value="16">16</option>
<option value="17">17</option>
<option value="18">18</option>
<option value="19">19</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="21">21</option>
<option value="22">22</option>
<option value="23">23</option>
<option value="24">24</option>
<option value="25">25</option>

Note: use the escape sequence \” to produce double quotes


<option value="26">26</option>
<option value="27">27</option>
<option value="28">28</option>
<option value="29">29</option>
<option value="30">30</option>
<option value="31">31</option>
Escape Characters

\n line feed character


\r carriage return character
\t tab
\\ backslash character
\$ dollar sign
\” double quote character
Arrays
An array in PHP is actually an ordered map.
A map is a type that associates values to keys.

array( key => value , ... )

// key may only be an integer or string


// value may be any value of any type
Creating & printing Arrays

// Create a simple array.


$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
print_r($array);

Output: Array
( [0] =>
1 [1] =>
2 [2] =>
3 [3] =>
4 [4] =>
5 )
Creating & printing Arrays

// Create an array with forced indices.


$array = array(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8 => 1, 4 => 1, 19, 3 => 13);
print_r($array);
Array
Output: ( [0] => 1
[1] => 1
[2] => 1
[3] => 13
[4] => 1
[8] => 1
[9] => 19
)
Type of indices may vary within
the same array

<?php
$arr = array(“candy" => "bar", 12 => true);

echo $arr[“candy"]; // bar


echo $arr[12]; // 1
?>

Note: Attempting to access an array key which has not been defined is the same as
accessing any other undefined variable: an E_NOTICE-level error message will be
issued, and the result will be NULL.
Auto-indexing

<?php
// This array is the same as ...
array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);

// ...this array
array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
?>
Printing Array Elements
<?php
$array = array(5=>43, 32, 56, "b"=> 12);
print("\$array[\"b\"]="); 
echo $array["b"]; 
print "<br>"; 
print("\$array[\"b\"]= $array['b']"); 
print("\$array[\"b\"]= {$array['b']}"); 
print("\$array[\"b\"]= {$array[“b”]}"); 
print("\$array[\"b\"]= $array["b"]"); 
?>

Output of the correct statements: $array["b"]=12


More Print Examples
<?php
print "<br>";
print("Hello World<br>");
print "Hello World<br>"; //print() also works without parentheses
$number=7;
print $number; //you can just print variables without double quotes
print '<br>$number'; //this will print the variable name.
?>

Output: Hello World


Hello World
7
$number
Extending & Modifying Arrays

<?php
$arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);

$arr[] = 56; // This is the same as $arr[13] = 56;


// at this point of the script

$arr["x"] = 42; // This adds a new element to


// the array with key "x"

unset($arr[5]); // This removes the element from the array

unset($arr); // This deletes the whole array


?>
int array_unshift()
array_unshift
Prepend one or more elements to the beginning of an array
Note that the list of elements is prepended as a whole, so that the prepended elements stay in
the same order. All numerical array keys will be modified to start counting from zero while literal
keys won't be touched.
-returns the new number of elements.
<?php
$queue = array("orange", "banana");
array_unshift($queue, "apple", "raspberry"
);
print_r($queue);
?>

Array (
[0] => apple
[1] => raspberry
[2] => orange
[3] => banana
)
int array_push()
Push one or more elements onto the end of array.
Returns the new number of elements
<?php
$stack = array("orange", "banana");
array_push($stack, "apple", "raspberry");
print_r($stack);
?>

Array
(
[0] => orange
[1] => banana
[2] => apple
[3] => raspberry
)
mixed array_pop()
pops and returns the last value of the array, shortening the array by one
element. If array is empty (or is not an array), NULL will be returned. Will
additionally produce a Warning when called on a non-array.

<?php
$stack = array("orange", "banana", "apple", "raspberry");
$fruit = array_pop($stack);
print_r($stack);
?>

Array
(
[0] => orange
[1] => banana
[2] => apple
)
Iterating through Arrays
foreach (array_expression as $value) {
statement
}
Example: • Loops over the array given
<html> by array_expression.
<body> • On each loop, the value of the
<?php current element is assigned
to $value and the internal array
$x=array(“red",“green",“blue"); pointer is advanced by one (so on the
foreach ($x as $value) { next loop, you'll be looking at the next
element).
echo $value . "<br />"; • Note: acts on a copy of the array
}
Output:
?>
red
</body> green
</html> blue
Iterating through Arrays
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value)
statement
Example: • Loops over the array given
<html> by array_expression.
<body>
<?php • On each loop, the current element’s
$numbers = array("one"=>"une", "two"=>"deux", key is assigned to the variable $key.
"three"=>"trois", "four"=>"quatre", "five"=>"cinq");
• Note: acts on a copy of the array
foreach($numbers as $key=>$val) {
print "English: " . $key . ", French " . $val . "<br/>";
}
Output:
?> English: one, French une
</body>
English: two, French deux
</html> English: three, French trois
English: four, French quatre
English: five, French cinq
PHP Control Structures
• if, else, switch … case …, break, continue
– Similar to C, but must use brackets {} always
• elseif
– Different syntax to C, same semantics
• While loop …, do … while loop, for loop…
– All similar to C
PHP Control Structures
switch(expression){
case $Example: //variable name
statements;
break;
case “text”:
//…
case 75:
//…
case -123.45:
//…
default:
//…
}
Summary
• PHP runs in the web server
• The server creates HTML dynamically
• It is more efficient than using CGIs
• Variables
• Arrays

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