10th Meeting (Academic Reading and Multiple Clause)

Welcome to
GENERAL ENGLISH
By: Hari Widi Utomo, S.Pd., M.Ed.

10th Meeting
Academic reading & Academic reading
Today’s Meeting
1. Last materials (skimming and scanning)

2. Academic reading
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Students Outcome
• Students can distinguish academic texts

and non-academic texts.
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Academic Reading
• http://www.mofet.macam.ac.il/ktiva/p
ublish/catalog/Documents/6346587535
51215029.pdf
10th Meeting
Academic Reading
• Reading Academic English is aimed at post-secondary-school

students whose native language is not English and who are
studying at academic institutions.
• The objective of this program is to introduce students to the
genre of academic texts, to train them to use efficient reading
strategies and to provide them with skills for reading on their
own.
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Academic Reading cont.
• It is important that the reader be made aware of each step and

understand its purpose.
• That is, students need to be taught not only what to do but also
why they are doing it.
• They need to understand the purpose of each stage in the
reading process:
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Academic Reading cont.
• Before reading: During this stage, readers should approach a

text globally, note all the obvious signals that the text provides
and awaken their own knowledge of the subject. This allows
them to make predictions about the text content and
hypotheses about its organization.
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Guided Academic Reading 1
• While reading: During this stage, readers should keep in mind

what they are looking for. They should pay attention to
discourse markers, identify important ideas and distinguish
them from supporting material, find organizational patterns and
guess the meaning of words from context.
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• After reading: At this stage, readers can check their

comprehension, summarize the text, analyze the writer's
purpose, make inferences and apply the information and
message to their own lives. In addition, it is at this stage that
readers can look closely at the language of a text in order to
learn from it and add it to their language repertoire (e.g.,
vocabulary, syntactic patterns, discourse markers) for use with
other texts.
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• After reading: At this stage, readers can check their

comprehension, summarize the text, analyze the writer's
purpose, make inferences and apply the information and
message to their own lives. In addition, it is at this stage that
readers can look closely at the language of a text in order to
learn from it and add it to their language repertoire (e.g.,
vocabulary, syntactic patterns, discourse markers) for use with
other texts.
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What to look for in a text

1. Topic
Ask yourself:
• What is the text about (what general topic and what specific
aspect of the general topic)?
• For example, a text might be about art (general), specifically
about art in education, and more specifically 18 Reading
Academic English/ Judy Rapoport, Ronit Broder, Sarah Feingold
about art for children with learning difficulties. The topic of a
text is usually announced in the title or subtitle.
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2. The main idea

Ask yourself:
• What does the writer say/claim/argue1 /believe about the
topic?
• What statement does the writer make about the topic?
• What is the writer's opinion/point of view about the topic?
• Sometimes the main idea is simply information, but often it is a
specific point of view, an argument2 or a claim.
• Usually the writer states the main argument explicitly in one or
more sentences, but sometimes the reader needs to infer3 it
from the text.
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3. How the text is organized

Ask yourself:
• What are the main sections of the text?
• What does the writer present/give us in each section?
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4. How the writer supports the main idea

Ask yourself:
• What does the writer give us in the text to support the main
idea/argument/point of view?
• What does the text offer to persuade us to believe the writer's
claim/argument/ point of view?
• What does the writer use to convince us?
• Does the text contain explanations, examples, factual
information or research reports to strengthen the argument?
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5. Writer's purpose
Ask yourself:
• Why has the writer written this article?
• What message does the writer want to bring across?
• Writers have reasons for writing. Very often writers have more
than one reason.
• Here are some possible reasons: to provide information, to
convince the reader about something, to suggest solutions to a
problem, to motivate readers to change something ( a call to
action).
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Tips on how to read a text

Before you actually read it:
Do This Purpose
Look at the title • to try to predict the general topic
Explore information outside the text • to find the source (where it appeared)
(photos, captions, subheadings) • to predict the specific aspect of the topic
Think about the subject • to find out what you already know about it
Skim the article more than once • to get a general impression of the contents
• The first time, pass your eyes over it very and organization
quickly. • to check if you predicted the topic
• The second time, look at the first sentence • to see what some of the subtopics are
of paragraphs and at discourse markers. • to get a global picture of the organization
of the article
• to find out the topics of paragraphs
• to see which paragraphs go together to
form blocks
• to find main ideas
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While you read it:

If you have trouble with the meaning of words or phrases:
• Read 'around' the word – the whole sentence and the
sentences before and after it.
• Try to guess the general meaning of the word/phrase, from its
context and its form.
• Use a dictionary only if these steps don't work. (Remember to
keep the context in mind when you choose the correct meaning
from the dictionary.)
• Explain the ideas to yourself, using other words.
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While you read it:

If you have trouble with the meaning of sentences:
• Read the sentences around it.
• Pay attention to discourse signals that help you understand how
parts of a sentence are connected (for example: "and, but, or, so,
although, because, in order to")
• Try to analyze the sentence.
- Find the main clause and its subject and verb.
- Look at the additions to the main clause. What questions do
they answer?
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While you read it:

If you have trouble understanding what a substitute word ("it,
this, that" etc.) refers to:
• Read the whole sentence and the sentences around it.
• Decide if the substitute word refers to a specific word or phrase
OR to an idea.
• Draw an arrow from the substitute word to what it refers to.
10th Meeting
Thank You

10th Meeting (Academic Reading and Multiple Clause)

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Welcome to

By: Hari Widi Utomo, S.Pd., M.Ed.

1. Last materials (skimming and scanning)

• Students can distinguish academic texts

• Reading Academic English is aimed at post-secondary-school

Academic Reading cont.

• It is important that the reader be made aware of each step and

Academic Reading cont.

• Before reading: During this stage, readers should approach a

Guided Academic Reading 1

• While reading: During this stage, readers should keep in mind

Guided Academic Reading 2

• After reading: At this stage, readers can check their

Guided Academic Reading 3

• After reading: At this stage, readers can check their

What to look for in a text

2. The main idea

3. How the text is organized

4. How the writer supports the main idea

Tips on how to read a text

While you read it:

While you read it:

While you read it:

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