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    Taxonomy

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    naz
    Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It is important to classify organisms to organize the vast number of species and communicate effectively about them. Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of taxonomic ranks including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name uses binomial nomenclature, consisting of the genus and species. This standardized naming system avoids confusion and ensures clear communication between scientists globally.

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    Taxonomy

    Uploaded by

    naz
    24 views26 pages
    Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It is important to classify organisms to organize the vast number of species and communicate effectively about them. Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of taxonomic ranks including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name uses binomial nomenclature, consisting of the genus and species. This standardized naming system avoids confusion and ensures clear communication between scientists globally.

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    Taxonomy (1)

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    Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It is important to classify organisms to organize the vast number of species and communicate effectively about them. Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of taxonomic ranks including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name uses binomial nomenclature, consisting of the genus and species. This standardized naming system avoids confusion and ensures clear communication between scientists globally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views26 pages

    Taxonomy

    Uploaded by

    naz
    Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It is important to classify organisms to organize the vast number of species and communicate effectively about them. Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of taxonomic ranks including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name uses binomial nomenclature, consisting of the genus and species. This standardized naming system avoids confusion and ensures clear communication between scientists globally.

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    of 26

    TAXONOMY

    The Science of Classifying Organisms


    Why do we need to classify?
    • Imagine a store…..how do you know where to
    find the milk or the cereal? Are they in the
    same aisle? How is the store “organized”? Are
    all stores similar?
    • Imagine your computer or mp3 player…..are
    all of your songs and files in a single folder or
    do you have them grouped in some way?
    When you have a lot of information, it is best
    to organize and group items so that you can
    find them easier or easily see their
    relationship to other items

    ….this is why we CLASSIFY


    Scientists also need a way to *NAME*
    organisms
    • The “common names” used by people can
    sometimes be misleading or confusing
    • In order to communicate effectively, biologists
    need a CONSISTENT naming protocol.

    *Check out these slides of confusing names…..


    • Sea Lion?
    • Lion?
    • Antlion?
    Which one of these is not
    actually a bear?

    Koala Bear?
    Panda Bear?
    Black Bear?
    What kind of organism is it?(invertebrate,
    mammal, insect, fish, reptile..)
    1. Sea Monkey
    2. Firefly
    3. Ringworm
    4. Jellyfish
    5. Spider monkey
    6. Crayfish
    7. Sea Horse
    Consider This….
    • Are all “Grey Wolves”
    gray?
    • Are all “Black Bears”
    black?
    • Which is more
    venomous – a water
    moccasin or a
    cottonmouth?
    Grey wolves can be white, black and any shade of gray.
    Black bears can also be brown or gray
    A cottonmouth and a water moccasin are the same
    animal – the names vary by region.
    Naming and Organizing are part of the same process

    • The system was developed by Carolus


    Linnaeus who used Greek and Latin names for
    organisms
    • He also created a system where we place all
    organisms into a few *large* groups -
    KINGDOMS - and then those groups are
    further divided into smaller groups
    Grouping
    Each group gets smaller and more
    • Kingdom specific – just think of the way you file
    things on your computer into folders
    • Phylum and subfolders

    • Class
    • Order
    • Family
    • Genus
    • Species
    To help you remember the list
    KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GREAT SOUP

    Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species


    Moving down the
    hierarchy of
    classification there are
    more similarities and
    less differences

    Humans
    Kingdom Animalia
    Phylum Chordata
    Class Mammalia
    Order Primate
    Family Hominidae
    Genus Homo
    Species sapiens

    The scientific name is always the genus +


    species

    Humans = Homo sapiens


    Lion Tiger Pintail Duck
    Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
    Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
    Class Mammalia Mammalia Aves
    Order Carnivora Carnivora Anseriformes
    Family Felidae Felidae Anatidae
    Genus Panthera Panthera Anas
    Species Leo Tigris acouta

    What are the scientific names of each of


    these organisms?
    More on Naming…
    • The system of naming is called BINOMIAL
    NOMENCLATURE - which means it is a 2-name
    system.
    • Scientific names must either be underlined or
    italicized
    • The genus is always capitalized, the species is
    lowercase
    • Can be abbreviated. Ex. F. leo and F. tigris
    What is a Species?
    Defined as organisms that can interbreed with
    on another, and produce fertile offspring.
    When two organisms of different species
    interbreed, the offspring is called a HYBRID

    Examples are ligers and mules


    Check for Understanding
    Phylum
    1. Fill in the blanks: Kingdom, _____________, Class,
    Family
    Order, ________________, Species
    Genus, _______________
    2. Which two groups are used for an organism's scientific
    name? Genus and Species
    3. Which of the following pairs is MOST closely
    related?
    Acer rubrum & Acer saccharumBinomial
    Acer rubrum & Chenopodium rubrum
    4. The system we use for naming is called ____________
    Taxonomy
    nomenclature.
    5. The science of classification is called ________________
    The Kingdoms
    • There are currently 6 kingdoms – all organisms
    can be placed into one of those 6.
    • Classification into a kingdom is based on
    certain criteria
    – Number of cells
    – How it obtains energy
    – Type of cell
    Kingdom Animalia

    • Multicellular
    • Heterotrophic (must
    consume food)
    • Eukaryotic (cells have
    a nucleus)
    • Examples: birds,
    insects, worms,
    mammals, reptiles,
    humans
    Kingdom Plantae
    • Multi-cellular
    • Autotrophic (make own
    food)
    • Mostly terrestrial
    • Asexual or Sexual
    • Non-motile

    Ex: Trees, mosses, ferns, flowering plants


    Kingdom Fungi
    • Heterotrophic
    • Unicellular or Multicellular
    • Mostly terrestrial
    • Asexual or sexual
    • Non-motile
    • Important decomposers in the
    environment
    Ex: Mushrooms, molds, yeasts
    Kingdom Protista
    • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic
    • Unicellular or Multicellular
    • Mostly aquatic
    • Mostly asexual
    • Motile or Non-motile
    • The endo-symbiosis theory
    explains how organisms
    developed organelles

    Ex: Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium,


    Algae, Slime Molds
    Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria

    • Unicellular
    • Can be autotrophic or
    heterotrophic
    • Prokaryotes (do not have a
    nucleus)
    – Eubacteria = common
    bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella
    – Archaebacteria = “ancient
    bacteria”, exist in extreme
    environments
    Three Domain System
    • Recently, scientists have added a group above
    Kingdom. Three groups, called DOMAINS, contain
    each of the six kingdoms.
    • Domain Eukarya - includes organisms composed
    of eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
    • Domain Bacteria - includes all prokaryotic cells,
    Kingdom Eubacteria
    • Domain Archaea - includes only "ancient"
    bacteria, Archaebacteria
    As you can see
    Taxonomy is very
    important…Without
    it we would be
    making mistakes like
    in this poster.

    Taxonomy Project
    Your world has been destroyed
    and you are going to reclassify the
    existing animals.
    Look at the handout and discuss in
    groups how you are going to do
    this.

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