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    Nano Science and Nano Technology

    Uploaded by

    Khawaja Esha
    This document provides an overview of nanoscience and discusses different perspectives on what constitutes nanoscience from physicists, material scientists, biologists, chemists, and those working in microtechnology. It describes some nanoscale materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and buckminsterfullerene. The document also discusses how techniques like microscopy have allowed observation at the nanoscale and some potential applications of nanotechnology in materials, health care, technology, and the environment like solar cells, medical devices, data storage, and air purification. It notes both promises and risks will need further study.

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    Nano Science and Nano Technology

    Uploaded by

    Khawaja Esha
    11 views21 pages
    This document provides an overview of nanoscience and discusses different perspectives on what constitutes nanoscience from physicists, material scientists, biologists, chemists, and those working in microtechnology. It describes some nanoscale materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and buckminsterfullerene. The document also discusses how techniques like microscopy have allowed observation at the nanoscale and some potential applications of nanotechnology in materials, health care, technology, and the environment like solar cells, medical devices, data storage, and air purification. It notes both promises and risks will need further study.

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    This document provides an overview of nanoscience and discusses different perspectives on what constitutes nanoscience from physicists, material scientists, biologists, chemists, and those working in microtechnology. It describes some nanoscale materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and buckminsterfullerene. The document also discusses how techniques like microscopy have allowed observation at the nanoscale and some potential applications of nanotechnology in materials, health care, technology, and the environment like solar cells, medical devices, data storage, and air purification. It notes both promises and risks will need further study.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views21 pages

    Nano Science and Nano Technology

    Uploaded by

    Khawaja Esha
    This document provides an overview of nanoscience and discusses different perspectives on what constitutes nanoscience from physicists, material scientists, biologists, chemists, and those working in microtechnology. It describes some nanoscale materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and buckminsterfullerene. The document also discusses how techniques like microscopy have allowed observation at the nanoscale and some potential applications of nanotechnology in materials, health care, technology, and the environment like solar cells, medical devices, data storage, and air purification. It notes both promises and risks will need further study.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Nano Science and

    Nano Technology
    What is Nanoscience?
    Graphene
    When people talk about Nanoscience, many
    start by describing
    things
    •Physicists and Material Scientists point to things Carbon
    like new nanocarbon materials: Nanotube

    •They effuse about nanocarbon’s strength and


    electrical properties

    C60 Buckminster
    Fullerene
    What is Nanoscience
    Biologists counter that
    nanocarbon is a recent
    discovery THEY’VE
    been studying DNA and
    RNA for much longer
    (And are already using it
    to transform our world)
    What is Nanoscience
    And Chemists note THEY’VE synthesized molecules for
    over a century

    First OLED material: tris 8- Commercial OLED material: Most heavily investigated
    hydroxyquinoline aluminum Polypyrrole Molecular Electronic switch:
    (OLED = organic light Nitro oligophenylene
    emitting diode) ethynylene
    What is Nanosciene
    And microtechnology has been rolling along for half a century!
    Microelectronics = Integrated circuits, PC's, iPods, iPhones . . .

    Intel 4004: The original "computer on a chip" - 1971 (Source: UVA Virtual Lab)

    Also = MEMS (Micro-electro-mechanical-systems):


    Air bag accelerometers, micro-mirror TVs & projectors . . .
    How Big is a Nanometer?
    • Consider a human hand

    skin

    white blood cell DNA nanoscale atoms


    Lesson from Nature
     Nano airborne particles (100 -1000 nm)
    cause water to condense and form raindrops
    or snowflakes
     Plankton – varies in sizes from (1- 100 nm)
    Marine bacteria and viruses
    Actin and Myosin
    Actin and myosin molecules form the system
    responsible for muscle contraction.
    The system operates by a series of steps where the
    head of myosin molecule pulls the actin past itself by
    10–28 nm each step.
    Nanoscience Is Everywhere in Nature
    • Living cells have been using their own nanoscale
    devices to create structures one atom or
    molecule at a time for millions of years.
    • To be specific, DNA is copied, proteins are
    formed, and complex hormones are
    manufactured by cellular devices far more
    complex than the most advanced manufacturing
    processes we have today.
    Using Light to See
    • The naked eye can see to about 20 microns
    • A human hair is about 50-100 microns thick
    • Light microscopes let us see to about 1 micron
    • Bounce light off of surfaces to create images

    to see red blood cells


    Light microscope (400x)
    (magnification up to 1000x)
    Using Electrons to See
    • Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), invented
    in the 1930s, let us see objects as small as 10
    nanometers
    – Bounce electrons off of surfaces to create images
    – Higher resolution due to small size of electrons

    (4000x)
    Touching the Surface

    • Scanning probe microscopes,


    developed in the 1980s, give us a
    new way to “see” at the
    nanoscale
    • We can now see really small
    things, like atoms, and move them
    too!

    This is about how big atoms are


    compared with the tip of the
    microscope
    • Infographic Style
    Carbon Buckyballs (C60)
    • Incredible strength due
    to their bond structure
    and “soccer ball” shape
    • Could be useful
    “shells” for drug
    delivery
    • Can penetrate
    cell walls
    • Are nonreactive (move
    safely through
    blood stream) Model of Buckminsterfullerene
    Potential Impacts of Nanotechnology
    • Materials • Technology
    – Stain-resistant clothes – Better data storage
    • Health Care and computation
    – Chemical and biological • Environment
    sensors, drugs and – Clean energy, clean
    delivery devices air

    Thin layers of gold are used in Carbon nanotubes can be used Possible entry point for
    tiny medical devices for H fuel storage nanomedical device
    Environment: Nano Solar Cells
    • Nano solar cells mixed in plastic could be
    painted on buses, roofs, clothing
    – Solar becomes a cheap energy alternative!

    ] 200 nm

    Nano solar cell: Inorganic nanorods embedded in semiconducting


    polymer, sandwiched between two electrodes
    Technology: Building Smaller Devices and Chips

    • Nanolithography to create tiny patterns


    – Lay down “ink” atom by atom

    Transporting molecules to a surface by


    Mona Lisa, 8 microns tall, created by
    dip-pen nanolithography
    AFM nanolithography
    Health Care: Detecting Diseases Earlier
    • Quantum dots glow in UV light
    – Injected in mice, collect in tumors
    – Could locate as few as 10 to 100 cancer
    cells

    Quantum Dots: Nanometer-sized crystals that


    contain free electrons and emit photons when Early tumor detection,
    submitted to UV light studied in mice
    Health Care: Growing Tissue to Repair Hearts

    • Nanofibers help heart muscle grow in the lab


    – Filaments ‘instruct’ muscle to grow in orderly way
    – Before that, fibers grew in random directions

    Cardiac tissue grown with the help of nanofiber filaments


    Potential Risks of Nanotechnology
    • Health issues
    – Nanoparticles could be inhaled, swallowed, absorbed
    through skin, or deliberately injected
    – Could they trigger inflammation and weaken the immune
    system? Could they interfere with regulatory
    mechanisms of enzymes and proteins?
    • Environmental issues
    – Nanoparticles could accumulate in soil, water, plants;
    traditional filters are too big to catch them
    • New risk assessment methods are needed
    – National and international agencies are beginning to study
    the risk; results will lead to new regulations
    Future of Nanotechnology
    “Nanotechnology products worldwide will be $2.6 Trillion or
    15% of global manufacturing output.” Investing in
    Nanotechnology -- Jack Uldrich

    Enablers and tools: Hysitron, Imago

    Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotechnologies, Aspen Aerogels

    Fortune 500 Companies: 3M, Affymetrix, Cabot, Dow, Dupont,


    Kodak, Texaco, AMD, GE, HP, IBM, Intel, Motorola, NEC

    Disrupters: Bioforce Nanoscience, Nanosolar


    THANK YOU

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