ASEAN POLICE MODELS

GROUP 2
INTRODUCTION
LAOS POLICE
HISTORY SYSTEM
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM
COUNTERPART
RANKS
  Laos is located in the heart of the Indochinese
peninsula in Southeast Asia, bordered by China,
Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Vietnam
and Cambodia.
 The country covers a total of 236,800 square
INTRODUCTION kilometers, 75% of which is mountains and
plateaus.
 The capital and largest city is Vientiane.
HISTORY  The country is divided into 16 provinces.
STRUCTURE AND
 It remains extremely poor; with 85% of the
SYSTEM population relying upon subsistence agriculture.

COUNTERPART
RANKS
  It remains governed by one-party communist rule.
Although in 1986 the government began to adopt
market-based economic policies, there is general
reluctance to embrace far-reaching reforms.
INTRODUCTION
 The Royal Lao Police was the official national
police force of the Kingdom of Laos from 1949 to
HISTORY 1975, operating closely with the Royal Lao Armed
Forces during the Laotian Civil War between 1960
and 1975.
STRUCTURE AND  It is under the command of the Ministry of
SYSTEM National Defense.
 In 1998, it became a member of the INTERPOL
COUNTERPART
and ASEANAPOL.
RANKS
 Royal Lao Police is divided into several branches of
service which comprise a plainclothes criminal investigation
INTRODUCTION department, urban constabulary, regional gendarmerie and a
counter-insurgency armed support unit. All these
HISTORY formations are answerable to the Laotian Ministry of public
Security (formerly the Ministry of Interior) who shares
STRUCTURE AND responsibility for internal security with the Ministry of
Defense's security forces and with movements organized
SYSTEM
and controlled by the Laotian People's Republic Party.
COUNTERPART Branches:
1. Constabulary
RANKS
• The regular Laotian Police branch, this was the
uniformed urban constabulary- also designated
Civil Police, Civil Police Force or National Police
Corps.
 2. Gendarmerie
INTRODUCTION • Successor of the French colonial indigenous guard,
HISTORY the paramilitary Laotian Gendarmerie was tasked of
patrolling the countryside.
• Gendarmerie in English is “men at arms”
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM 3. Royal Laotian Customs Service
• This branch was set up in the mid 1950s to enforce
COUNTERPART border control and supervise the flux of personnel
and goods on the national main riverine ports,
RANKS airports, and at the border crossings with
neighboring like Thailand, Burma, China, Cambodia
and Vietnam.
 INTRODUCTION 4. Directorate of National Coordination
• Also called as Frontier Police
HISTORY • A airborne qualified paramilitary elite police field
force closely modelled after the Royal Thai Police
STRUCTURE AND Aerial Resupply Unit ‘Commandos’ and similar in
SYSTEM function to the republic of Vietnam National Police
Field Force.
COUNTERPART • The unit has a origin in September 1960, when the
PRL command Entrusted then lieutenant colonel
RANKS Siho Lamphouthacoul the creation of a ‘Special
Mobile Group’, composed of two paramilitary
specials battalions 11th and 33rd BS.
 INTRODUCTION
LAOS PHILIPPINES
HISTORY Royal Lao Police Philippine National Police
(RLP) (PNP)
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM Royal Lao Police National Bureau of
(RLP) Investigation (NBI)
Drug Control Department Philippine Drug Enforcement
COUNTERPART (DCD) Agency (PDEA)
Correctional Institutes (CI) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
RANKS Lao People’s Army (LPA) Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP)
Department of Transportation Land Transportation Office
(DoT) (LTO)
Fire Service Department Bureau of Fire Protection
(FSD) (BFP)
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
Major General (Three five-pointed silver star)
STRUCTURE AND Brigadier General (Two five-pointed silver stars)
SYSTEM Colonel (Three five pointed star, one on a gold disc)
Lieutenant-Colonel (Two five pointed star, one on a gold disc)
COUNTERPART Major (One five pointed star on a gold disc)
Captain (Three five pointed gold star)
1st Lieutenant (Two five pointed gold star)
RANKS 2nd Lieutenant (One five pointed gold star)
Sergeant Major (Three gold chevrons edged red pointed down)
Master Sergeant (Two gold chevrons edged red pointed down)
Sergeant 1st Class (One gold chevron edged red pointed down)
Staff Sergeant (Three white chevron pointed up)
Sergeant (Two white chevron pointed up)
Corporal (One white chevron pointed up)
Patrolman 1st Class (One red chevron pointed up)
Patrolman (No insignia)
INTRODUCTION
MYANMAR
HISTORY POLICE
SYSTEM
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM
COUNTERPART
RANKS
  Myanmar is squeezed between India and
Bangladesh to its west, and China, Laos, and
Thailand to its east.
 Myanmar, formerly Burma, occupies 678,500
INTRODUCTION square kilometers along the Bay Bengal, and has
an approximate population of 45 million people.
HISTORY
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM
COUNTERPART
RANKS
  As part of India until 1937, it was British Colony
until 1948. Thus, created modeled on British
precedent.
INTRODUCTION  Burma's military rulers changed the country's
name to Myanmar in 1989; this name change
was not recognized by the democratically
HISTORY elected parliament and has not been universally
recognized by other countries.
STRUCTURE AND  Formally known as the People's Police Force in
SYSTEM 1995
 Myanmar Police Force was established in 1964
COUNTERPART as an independent department under the
Ministry of Home Affairs.
RANKS
  It is commanded by a Director General, whose rank is
INTRODUCTION major general. His deputy, who holds the rank of
Brigadier General, is responsible for command, control,
HISTORY and supervision of the police throughout the country.

STRUCTURE AND Administrative Structures

I. Headquarters
SYSTEM
II. State and Division Police Forces
III. Special Forces consisting of Special Branch and
COUNTERPART Criminal Investigation
IV. Department, Railways Police Department, and the
RANKS
City Development Department
V. Training Centers
VI. Reserve Units
VII. Police Battalions
 I. Headquarters
INTRODUCTION  The Headquarters is headed by the Director General
of Police. Under his command, a Deputy Director
HISTORY General who holds the rank of Police Brigadier
General and second commander takes responsibility
STRUCTURE AND for the proper command, control and monitor all the
SYSTEM Departments of the Myanmar Police Force.

 Also four other Police Brigadier Generals, who are

COUNTERPART
responsible for General Staff Department, Personnel
RANKS Department, Logistics Department and the Office of
the Commanding for Police Battalion respectively.
 II. State and Division Police Force
 There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three
INTRODUCTION additional State Police Forces commanded by Police
HISTORY Colonels. Their jurisdictions are divided according to the
Civil Administration. The States and Divisions and
Additional States have the same status.
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM  The State and Divisional Police Forces consist of four
components. These are:
COUNTERPART a. Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional
Police Force
RANKS b. Office of the Commander of the District Police Force –
classified into two classes depending on the area,
population, and development:
• Class A – commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
• Class B – commanded by Police Majors
 c. Office of the Commander of the Township Police
Force – commanded by Police Captains
INTRODUCTION d. Police Stations – commanded by Police Lieutenants

HISTORY
III. Special Forces
 Special Intelligence Department (Special Branch) –
STRUCTURE AND headed by Police Brigadier General.
SYSTEM  Criminal Investigation Department (CID) – headed by
Police Brigadier General
COUNTERPART
IV. Department
RANKS  Railway Police Department – headed by a Police
Colonel
 City Development Police Department – headed by a
Police Colonel
 V. Training Centers
 In Myanmar there is one Central Training Institute
INTRODUCTION of Myanmar Police Force CTIMPF and two Police
Training Centers.
HISTORY
1. Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force
STRUCTURE AND - Headed by one Police Brigadier General and its
SYSTEM duties and functions are as follows:

COUNTERPART a. Implementation of training policies stipulated

by the Myanmar Police Force.
RANKS b. Implementation of Myanmar Police Force goal
and accountability.
c. Scrutinize and redraw curriculum and
technology progress regarding the timely
situation.
 INTRODUCTION d. Lay down on managerial arrangements for
instructors for the enhancement of capabilities
HISTORY e. Perform to gain successful training objectives of
their kinds.
STRUCTURE AND f. Manage and practice officers' moral, discipline and
morale for the betterment in order to serve others'
SYSTEM advantage.
COUNTERPART 2. No.1 Police Training Depot which undertakes
• Basic Training Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years
RANKS • Warrant Officer and Police Sergeants Course for 12
Weeks
• Basic Training Course for Constables for 6 Months.
 3. No. 2 Police Training Depot which conducts only
Basic Training Course for Constables, completed
INTRODUCTION within around 6 months.
HISTORY
VI. Reserve Units
• There are two kinds of Reserved Units attached to
STRUCTURE AND State and Divisional Police Forces to carry out their
SYSTEM respective duties. These are:
a. Highway Patrol Units.
COUNTERPART b. Oil Field Security Units.

RANKS VII.Police Battalions

• Specialized units offering security in urban areas
where unrest threatens public buildings. They
directly report to the Police General Director.
 VII. Police Battalions
• Specialized units offering security in urban areas
INTRODUCTION where unrest threatens public buildings. They
HISTORY directly report to the Police General Director.
• Duties and Functions:
a. Suppression of uprising sabotage and riot
STRUCTURE AND b. Perform security for Heads and State Guests
SYSTEM c. Perform security of Chief and Heads of state
and state Ceremonies
COUNTERPART d. Carry out security for VIP's residence and
departmental buildings
RANKS e. Carry out security for embassies and diplomatic
residential buildings
f. Safeguard on important dams and dykes,
industries and factories, roads and bridges
g. Safeguard on foreign schools and chanceries.
 VII. Police Battalions

INTRODUCTION
h. Protect valuable cargo transportation.
HISTORY i. Conduct coastal vessel security
j. Safety measure taken on dispatching prisoners and
convicts
STRUCTURE AND k. Carried out public welfare activities
SYSTEM
 Myanmar Police Force has 16 numbers of police
COUNTERPART battalions and Commanding Office of the Police
Battalion Command conducts the general security
RANKS matters. Each battalion has been commanded by a police
lieutenant colonel
 INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
Qualifications
 Entrance age is 18; 5'6" in height for male and 5'4"
STRUCTURE AND for female; 65 kilograms for male and 56 kilograms
SYSTEM for female. Recruits shall undergo trainings on the
following training centers with their corresponding
COUNTERPART duration period.

RANKS
 INTRODUCTION
MYANMAR PHILIPPINES
HISTORY People’s Police Force Philippine National Police
(PPF) (PNP)
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM Criminal Investigation National Bureau of
Department (CID) Investigation (NBI)
Myanmar Police Force’s Anti- Philippine Drug Enforcement
COUNTERPART Drug Division Agency (PDEA)
Department of Prisons Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
RANKS Myanmar Army (Tatmadaw) Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP)
Ministry of Transport and Land Transportation Office
Communications (MOTC) (LTO)
Myanmar Fire Services Bureau of Fire Protection
Department (MFSD) (BFP)
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY

STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM Police Major General
Police Brigadier General
COUNTERPART Police Colonel
Police Lieutenant Colonel
Police Major (Township Police Commander)
Police Captain (Deputy Township Police Commander)
RANKS Police Lieutenant (Station Commander)
Police Second Lieutenant
Police Warrant Officer
Police Sergeant Police Corporal
Police Lance Corporal
INTRODUCTION
SINGAPORE
HISTORY POLICE
SYSTEM
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM

COUNTERPART
RANKS
THE END
  Singapore is a small island city-state, occupying 693
square kilometers on islands between Malaysia and
Indonesia.
 Its population is approximately 5 million people.
 It was a British colony that briefly joined with Malaysia
and then became independent in 1965.
 It is one of the most prosperous countries in Asia, with
INTRODUCTION a gross domestic product that rival many Western
European countries. Foreign investment is aided by its
HISTORY largely corruption-free government, skilled work force,
and highly developed infrastructure. Manufacturing
RANKS (mostly electronics, biomedical and chemical
industries) and financial services drive the economy.
STRUCTURE AND  Singapore also boasts a low crime rate.
SYSTEM
COUNTERPART
RANKS
 1820 – 1826: Establishment of the Singapore Force
• Major-General William Farquhar, the first British
INTRODUCTION Resident of colonial Singapore, established the
police department in 1820. He appointed his son-
in-law, Francis James Bernard as the Police
HISTORY Assistant. The Force comprised 12 men including
the Police Assistant, a writer,
STRUCTURE AND jailor, jemadar (sergeant), and
SYSTEM eight peada (constables) to enforce law and order
in the fledgling settlement.
COUNTERPART
RANKS

THE END
 1826 – 1872: The police force expands to fight rising crime in a
flourishing town.
• The police force in Singapore came under the command of
the Resident Councillor John Prince.
INTRODUCTION
1872 – 1924: Modernisation under the Straits Settlements Police
Force
HISTORY • The police underwent a re-organisation with the
enactment of the Police Force Ordinance (1871) in 1872.
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM 1945 – 1959: Restoring order in the aftermath of war
• The British Military Administration took charge of
COUNTERPART Singapore until 1 April 1946 when the Straits Settlements
was dissolved and Singapore became a crown colony.
RANKS

THE END
 Under this new administration, the police in Singapore was
renamed the Singapore Police Force (SPF) in 1945 and headed by
Colonel R. E. Foulger.
INTRODUCTION
1959 – 1965: Safeguarding the Nation’s future
• Singapore attained self-governance in 1959. In 1963,
HISTORY Singapore merged with the Federation of Malaya and
became a part of the newly formed Malaysia.

STRUCTURE AND 1965 – 1983: Securing the new Nation

SYSTEM • On 9 August 1965, Singapore separated from Malaysia and
became an independent republic. In 1968, the Police crest
COUNTERPART adopted the name ‘Polis Repablik Singapura’, or Republic
RANKS of Singapore Police.

THE END
 1983 – 2001: Partnering the community in the fight against crime
• On 1 June 1983, the Force launched the Neighbourhood
Police Post (NPP) system, as a manifestation of its
INTRODUCTION
transition to a proactive, community-based approach
towards the practice of policing.
HISTORY
2001 – Present: Developing new capabilities for a new era
• In 2018, Singapore was again ranked first in the Gallup
STRUCTURE AND Global Law and Order Report 2018, with 94% of our
SYSTEM residents feeling safe walking alone in their
neighbourhood at night.
COUNTERPART
RANKS

THE END
 SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE

INTRODUCTION  It is under the Ministry of Internal Affairs is headed by a

HISTORY Police commissioner who has a Deputy and a Director
for Special Duties.

STRUCTURE AND  Six (6) Regional Police Divisions report directly to the
SYSTEM Police Commissioner, as do specialized Units.

COUNTERPART  Staff Department – coordinates administrative functions

such as manpower, planning, public Affairs, organizing
RANKS Technology, as well as encompassing the Criminal
Investigation Department, the Police national Service
THE END Department, the Operations Department, and the VIP
protection Services
 SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE

INTRODUCTION
 In Singapore, able bodied male citizens must serve 12
HISTORY months of national service. Some of them are deployed in
the police where they will be assigned into five
STRUCTURE AND functional groups, namely:
SYSTEM 1. Key installation
2. Patrol and Neighborhood Post
COUNTERPART 3. Light Strike force
4. Headquarters Staff
RANKS 5. Service and support Reinforcement Troops.

THE END  Police national servicemen can also be deployed into

leadership position.
 SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE

INTRODUCTION  Singapore's police is strongly oriented toward community

service. More than 50% of resolved crimes were solved
HISTORY with the assistance of the public. Part of this was
achieved by introducing a system of neighborhood police
STRUCTURE AND centers, centralized stations where citizens are able to
SYSTEM have their needs addressed under a single roof.

COUNTERPART  One of the strategic initiative to enhance the police's

partnership with the community is the Community
RANKS Safety and Security Program (CSSP). Projects that are
part of this program include care and support programs
THE END for crime victims, youth at risk, and foreign domestic
workers, as well as initiatives such as safe drive zones and
neighborhood watch zones.
 SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE

INTRODUCTION  In 2002, a museum of the police, the Police Heritage

HISTORY Center, was opened in Singapore to create an awareness
of the genesis, development and milestones of the police
and foster a sense of awareness between the police and
STRUCTURE AND the community. It also maintains archives and records of
SYSTEM the police.

COUNTERPART

RANKS
THE END
 RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, AND TRAINING

INTRODUCTION  Police Officers enter the force at the rank of corporal or

sergeant, depending on educational qualifications, which
HISTORY
must include passing at least five secondary school exams.

STRUCTURE AND  A senior police officer's initial rank also depends on

SYSTEM education, which must consist of a college degree.
Likewise, candidates for the force must meet
COUNTERPART requirements for height, weight, eyesight, and education.
Singapore citizens or permanent residents at least 18 years
RANKS old.

THE END  New recruits are trained in a 6-month Police Officer basic
course at a residential academy. Recruits undergo physical
training, as well as training in weapons used, unarmed
combat fighting and basic foot drill.
 RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, AND TRAINING

 They are also taught police procedures and regulations,,

INTRODUCTION criminal law, and the basics of investigation.
HISTORY
 Upon completing the academy, depending on their
qualifications, as well as vacancies, officers are assigned to
STRUCTURE AND posts in a Land Division headquarters, neighborhood Police
SYSTEM Center, or a Specialized Police Unit.

COUNTERPART  A continuing education program allows police officers to take

course part-time to improve their skills and eligibility for
RANKS promotion.
THE END  Eligible officers can be sponsored, and their registration fees,
course fees, and examination fees are paid subject to a service
bond upon the completion of their sponsored courses.
 INTRODUCTION ACCOUNTABILITY

HISTORY
 Police review is conducted through the police Service
STRUCTURE AND Inspectorate Division, which investigates offenses and
SYSTEM recommends corrective action. External review is also
available to address complaints through the Corrupt
COUNTERPART practices Investigation Bureau This body, which is part
of the prime Minister's Office, investigates corruption in
RANKS both public and private sector.

THE END
 BEST KNOWN PRACTICES

INTRODUCTION A. Community Approach

HISTORY Since 1981, the Singapore Police Force has carefully shifted
from a reactive, incident driven mode of operation to full
scale Community Oriented Police Policing System (COPPS)
STRUCTURE AND It has de-emphasized motorized patrolling and emergency
SYSTEM response in favor of intensive community involvement in the
establishment of Neighborhood Police Post (NPP).
COUNTERPART
B. COPPS Approach
RANKS It represents a theoretical and philosophical perspective
which maintains that for the police to be effective in today's
THE END society, they must enlist the support of the communities they
are sworn to protect
 BEST KNOWN PRACTICES

INTRODUCTION
Singapore's COPPS has led to the following changes
HISTORY 1. Development of community-based crime prevention
2. De-emphasis on motorized patrolling in favor of foot
STRUCTURE AND patrols
SYSTEM 3. Creation of more decentralized area commands within
the precincts
COUNTERPART
The Work and Arrangement of Neighborhood Police Post (NPP)
RANKS 4. NPP are essential bases of operations for patrol,
develops community-based crime prevention, and
THE END provides non- emergency services. As well as liaison
with communities.
 BEST KNOWN PRACTICES

INTRODUCTION 2. NPPs are easy to locate because of their foot-high blue-on-

white signs mounted over the front entrance and direction
HISTORY signs scattered throughout the housing estates.

STRUCTURE AND 3. NPP is staffed with about 20 officers: 4 teams having 4

SYSTEM constable and corporals, 4 sergeants, and 1 half-time
inspector (officer-in-charge). Teams work 7 consecutive
COUNTERPART days before receiving time off, rotating through all 3 shifts.
New officers are mixed training course in NPP work.
RANKS
4. Community Police Strategy is not created as a separate
THE END command or division of the police force. NPPs report to the
patrol commanders, and NPP officers focus exclusively on
patrolling and community involvement.
 BEST KNOWN PRACTICES

INTRODUCTION 5. The prevailing view is that NPP officers must present a

friendly image; making arrest from criminal investigation
HISTORY and the possible use of force should be left to detectives
who are not based in local government.
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM

COUNTERPART

RANKS
THE END
 INTRODUCTION
SINGAPORE PHILIPPINES
HISTORY Singapore Police Force Philippine National Police
(SPF) (PNP)
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM Criminal Investigation National Bureau of
Department (CID) Investigation (NBI)
Central Narcotics Bureau Philippine Drug Enforcement
COUNTERPART (CNB) Agency (PDEA)
Singapore Prison Service (SPS) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
RANKS Singapore Armed Force Armed Forces of the
(SAF) Philippines (AFP)
THE END
Land Transportation Authority Land Transportation Office
(LTA) (LTO)
Singapore Civil Defence Force Bureau of Fire Protection
(SCDF) (BFP)
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM

COUNTERPART Senior Police Officer Ranks

Commissioner of Police
Deputy Commissioner of Police
Senior Assistant Commissioner
RANKS Assistant Commissioner
Deputy Assistant Commissioner
Superintendent of Police
THE END
Deputy Superintendent of Police
Assistant Superintendent of Police
Inspector of Police
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM

COUNTERPART Police Officer Ranks

Senior Inspector 2 of Police
Senior Station Inspector of Police
Station Inspector of Police
RANKS Senior Staff Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
THE END Sergeant Corporal
Lance Corporal
Special Constable
Police Constable
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
STRUCTURE AND
SYSTEM
COUNTERPART
RANKS

THE END THAN

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