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    Bellman Ford PRESENTATION

    Uploaded by

    Mahir Abrar
    The document summarizes the Bellman-Ford algorithm. It was first proposed by Bellman and Ford and can detect negative cycles in a graph. The algorithm relaxes edges repeatedly over V-1 iterations to find shortest paths. It then performs one more iteration to check for negative cycles. The time complexity is O(VE) and it can be used to find efficient routes, currency conversions, and calculate chemical reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bellman Ford PRESENTATION

    Uploaded by

    Mahir Abrar
    25 views9 pages
    The document summarizes the Bellman-Ford algorithm. It was first proposed by Bellman and Ford and can detect negative cycles in a graph. The algorithm relaxes edges repeatedly over V-1 iterations to find shortest paths. It then performs one more iteration to check for negative cycles. The time complexity is O(VE) and it can be used to find efficient routes, currency conversions, and calculate chemical reactions.

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    Bellman_Ford_PRESENTATION[1]

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    The document summarizes the Bellman-Ford algorithm. It was first proposed by Bellman and Ford and can detect negative cycles in a graph. The algorithm relaxes edges repeatedly over V-1 iterations to find shortest paths. It then performs one more iteration to check for negative cycles. The time complexity is O(VE) and it can be used to find efficient routes, currency conversions, and calculate chemical reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views9 pages

    Bellman Ford PRESENTATION

    Uploaded by

    Mahir Abrar
    The document summarizes the Bellman-Ford algorithm. It was first proposed by Bellman and Ford and can detect negative cycles in a graph. The algorithm relaxes edges repeatedly over V-1 iterations to find shortest paths. It then performs one more iteration to check for negative cycles. The time complexity is O(VE) and it can be used to find efficient routes, currency conversions, and calculate chemical reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    BELLMAN

    FORD
    ALGORITHM
    PREPARED BY:
    MD MAHIR ABRAR KHAN
    ROLL:1907008
    &
    MD MUBTASIM ABRAR NIHAL
    ROLL:1907010
    RICHARD E.
    BELLMAN

    LESTER R.
    FORD ,JR
    HISTORY OF BELLMAN FORD

    FIRST NAMED
    EDWARD F.
    PROPOSED AFTER
    MOORE
    BY BELLMAN,
    ALSO
    ALFOSONO FORD WHO
    PUBLISHED
    SHIMBEL IN PUBLISHED
    IT IN 1957.
    1955 IN 1956,1958
    BELLMAN-FORD ALGORITHM

    In many
    graph –ve
    Bellman- weights are A cycle
    ford algo found containing –
    can detect ve edge is
    this type of called –ve
    cycle cycle

    If –ve cycle is
    Because the reachable
    path keeps from source ,
    getting the graph has
    cheaper by – no cheapest
    ve weight path
    SHORTEST PATH PROBLEM

    ** In shortest path of a normal graph , cost of


    path is the sum
    of the arc cost in the path.

    ** In the given figure beside , shortest path


    is the sum of the edge
    wights (2 , 1 , 5 , 2 , 5) , which implies that the
    sum is 2+1+5+2+5 = 15 .

    ** Dijkstra Algo works to find this path by


    relaxing the node distance again and
    again until the updated value is the
    smallest one.
    HOW DIJKSTRA FAIL ?

    ** Dijkstra fails when there is any –ve cycle in the


    graph as the nodes in –ve cycle keeps updating
    again and again.

    ** For example in the graph the nodes 1,2,3,1 forms


    a –ve cycle as a result the node value keeps decreasing
    and as a result the queue of the nodes to be relaxed in
    the Dijkstra algorithm never becomes empty.
    PSEUDOCODE OF BELLMAN-FORD
    BELLMAN-FORD(G,S)
    INITIALIZE SINGLE-SOURCE (G,S)
    FOR i <= 1 TO |V| - 1 DO COMPUTATION
    FOR EACH EDGE (U,V) e G.E DO
    RELAX (U,V)
    FOR EACH EDGE (U,V) e E DO
    IF D[V] >D[U] + W(U,V) THEN CHECK
    RETURN FALSE
    RETURN TRUE
    TIME & SPACE COMPLEXITY
    Time complexity : O(V * E), where V is the number of vertices in the graph and E is the number of edges in the graph.

    Here firstly we traverse through all the edges and relax them if the condition is met. We do this for |V| - 1 times.
    So for this the complexity is O((V - 1)*E). As from one source node we can reach at max (V – 1) no of nodes ,
    We should get the shortest distances for all of the nodes in the graph.

    Then again we run a loop through all the edges for one more time to check whether any node relaxes further more. For
    checking this –ve cycle the complexity is O(E). So in total the time complexity O(V*E).

    Space complexity : Edge representation : O(E)


    Adjacency list representation : O(V+E)
    Adjacency Matrix : O(V2)
    APPLICATIONS AND USES OF BELLMAN-FORD

    In chemical Identifying
    reaction , the most Routing is a
    calculates the efficient concept used
    smallest currency in data
    possible heat conversion in network
    gain/loss. the world

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