Saline soils are soils with high concentrations of soluble salts that can limit plant growth. They typically form in arid or semi-arid regions with high evaporation and low rainfall, which allows salts to accumulate. Irrigation with saline water can also contribute to saline soils over time. Saline soils contain salts like sodium, magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and sometimes nitrates. Plants growing in saline soils experience physiological drought as they must expend more energy to extract water from the soil. Some plants are more tolerant of saline conditions than others.
Saline soils are soils with high concentrations of soluble salts that can limit plant growth. They typically form in arid or semi-arid regions with high evaporation and low rainfall, which allows salts to accumulate. Irrigation with saline water can also contribute to saline soils over time. Saline soils contain salts like sodium, magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and sometimes nitrates. Plants growing in saline soils experience physiological drought as they must expend more energy to extract water from the soil. Some plants are more tolerant of saline conditions than others.
Saline soils are soils with high concentrations of soluble salts that can limit plant growth. They typically form in arid or semi-arid regions with high evaporation and low rainfall, which allows salts to accumulate. Irrigation with saline water can also contribute to saline soils over time. Saline soils contain salts like sodium, magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and sometimes nitrates. Plants growing in saline soils experience physiological drought as they must expend more energy to extract water from the soil. Some plants are more tolerant of saline conditions than others.
Saline soils are soils with high concentrations of soluble salts that can limit plant growth. They typically form in arid or semi-arid regions with high evaporation and low rainfall, which allows salts to accumulate. Irrigation with saline water can also contribute to saline soils over time. Saline soils contain salts like sodium, magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and sometimes nitrates. Plants growing in saline soils experience physiological drought as they must expend more energy to extract water from the soil. Some plants are more tolerant of saline conditions than others.
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SALINE SOIL
Saline soils ‒ are high in water soluble salts, which can severely limit plant growth. In extreme cases, the salts accumulate on the soil surface leaving fine white crystals. Saline soils are most often found in arid or semi-arid climates such as ours, where potential evapotranspiration is greater than precipitation. Saline irrigation water can compound the problems associated with saline soils. Saline soils ‒ Saline soils are defined as soils having a conductivity of the saturation extract greater than 4 dS m-1 ‒ an exchangeable sodium percentage less than 15. ‒ The pH is usually less than 8.5. ‒ Formerly these soils were called white alkali soils Formation ‒ The process by which the saline soil formed is called salinisation. ‒ Saline soils occur mostly in arid or semi arid regions. ‒ In arid regions saline soils occur not only because there is less rainfall available to leach and transport the salts but also because of high evaporation rates, which tend further to concentrate the salts in soils and in surface waters. Salinization ‒ A soil may be rich in salts because the parent rock from which it was formed contains salts. Sea water is another source of salts in low-lying areas along the coast. ‒ A very common source of salts in irrigated soils is the irrigation water itself. Most irrigation waters contain some salts. After irrigation, the water added to the soil is used by the crop or evaporates directly from the moist soil. Sources of Salts ‒ Fertilizer, manure, and compost all contain some level of salts. ‒ Manure and manure-based composts typically are higher in salts (nutrients) than yard waste compost. ‒ Synthetic fertilizers are concentrated sources of nutrients and therefore salts. ‒ But salinity is actually a measure of water soluble salts. These are simply positively and negatively charged ions dissolved in water. While this can include table salt, it also includes many other ions. ‒ For example, epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) is made from a magnesium ion (Mg2+) and sulfate ion (SO4 2-) bound together. ‒ When dissolved in water, magnesium and sulfate ions are free and can interact with other ions and molecules. Ammonium nitrate (NH4 + + NO3 - ) and potassium sulfate (2K+ + SO4 2-) are common fertilizers and also salts. ‒ The salts are white, chemically neutral, and include chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and sometimes nitrates of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium Effects on Plants ‒ Plants absorb water and dissolved nutrients through their roots. When the soil water solution that contains these dissolved nutrients becomes saline (in other words, has too many dissolved ions), the plant has to use more energy to get the water needed to thrive. ‒ This condition is known as physiological drought, and the symptoms include stunted growth, wilting, yellowing in older leaves, and “burned” leaf margins. While there may be plenty of water in the soil, the plants simply cannot use it. This condition is also common in houseplants. ‒ Some plant species are more tolerant to saline conditions than others. For example, beets and squash are among the most salt tolerant vegetables, while beans, peas, carrots, and onions are very sensitive. Seedlings are more sensitive than mature plants. ‒ Two salt-tolerant rice varieties, Salinas 1 and Salinas 9, from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) are being pilot-tested in 1.2 hectares of salt-affected rice fields in the villages of Pamantolon and Poblacion. FACTORS: .
Natural Causes Man-made Causes
• Parent material of the soils • Irrigation Practices • Climate • Fertilizer Mismanagement • Topography • Industrial Activities • Vegetation • Mining Practices • Water Table Depth • Poor Drainage Systems • Geology • Wastewater Disposal • Sea Spray and Coastal Influence https://www.bswm.da.gov.ph/program/salinity/ THANK YOU
