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    CS-401 Quiz 1

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    fahadalimuhammadboota
    This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the CS-401 course on computer architecture and assembly language programming. It discusses basic computer organization including the processor, memory, and I/O. It describes the dimensions of memory and address buses. It also provides an introduction to assembly language programming, including instruction groups, data movement instructions, arithmetic/logic instructions, and program control instructions. Registers like the accumulator, pointer registers, and flag registers are explained.

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    CS-401 Quiz 1

    Uploaded by

    fahadalimuhammadboota
    26 views47 pages
    This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the CS-401 course on computer architecture and assembly language programming. It discusses basic computer organization including the processor, memory, and I/O. It describes the dimensions of memory and address buses. It also provides an introduction to assembly language programming, including instruction groups, data movement instructions, arithmetic/logic instructions, and program control instructions. Registers like the accumulator, pointer registers, and flag registers are explained.

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    CS-401 quiz 1

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    This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the CS-401 course on computer architecture and assembly language programming. It discusses basic computer organization including the processor, memory, and I/O. It describes the dimensions of memory and address buses. It also provides an introduction to assembly language programming, including instruction groups, data movement instructions, arithmetic/logic instructions, and program control instructions. Registers like the accumulator, pointer registers, and flag registers are explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views47 pages

    CS-401 Quiz 1

    Uploaded by

    fahadalimuhammadboota
    This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the CS-401 course on computer architecture and assembly language programming. It discusses basic computer organization including the processor, memory, and I/O. It describes the dimensions of memory and address buses. It also provides an introduction to assembly language programming, including instruction groups, data movement instructions, arithmetic/logic instructions, and program control instructions. Registers like the accumulator, pointer registers, and flag registers are explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 47

    CS-401

    Computer Architecture and Assembly Language


    Programming
    Lecture-1
    Course Introduction

    This course is design to understand the basics organization of computers


    Basic Computer Organization

    Processor Memory

    I/O
    Basic Computer Organization

    Processor Memory Data


    Operation
    Basic Computer Organization

    Processor Memory Data


    Operation
    Basic Computer Organization

    Address Bus

    Data Bus
    Processor Memory
    Control Bus
    Dimensions of Memory
    Horizontal Dimensions = Width of Memory Cell

    00000000
    Binary 00000001
    Vertical
    Addresses Dimensions

    Of
    =
    Memory
    Cells Size of
    00100011 Memory

    00100100
    00100101
    Basic Computer Organization

    Processor Memory
    Control Bus
    CS-401
    Assembly Language Programming
    Lecture-2
    Introduction to Assembly Language
    Basic Computer Organization

    REGISTERS
    Registers

    Accumulator Register

    Function:
    Mathematical and Logical Operations
    Registers
    Pointer / Index / Base

    Function:
    Holds the Address of Operands
    Registers
    General Purpose

    Function:
    Temporary Storage
    of
    Intermediate Results
    Registers
    Flag / Program Status Word

    Function:
    Collection of different boolean
    information each bit has an
    independent meaning
    Registers
    Flag / Program Status Word

    C O P D Z I A S

    A sample 8 – bit flag register

    C = Carry Flag
    Z = Zero Flag
    Registers
    Carry Flag

    1111111111111111
    +1111111111111111
    0000000000000001
    0000000000000000

    16 – bit Accumulator
    Carry Flag = CF
    Registers
    Program Counter
    Instruction Pointer

    Function:
    Address of next instruction to be executed
    • MNEMONIC
    Instruction Groups

    Data Movement Instructions


    Arithmetic / Logic Instructions
    Program Control Instructions
    Special Instructions
    Data Movement

    mov ax,bx ; move data from bx to ax

    lda 0234 ; load 0234 into


    ; accumulator
    Arithmetic and Logic Instructions

    and ax,1234 ; AND 1234 with ax

    add bx,0534 ; ADD 0534 to bx

    add bx,[1200] ; ADD data at address 1200 to


    bx

    add ax,[1234] ; ADD data from address 1234


    to ax
    Program Control Instructions

    cmp ax,0 ; Compare ax with 0

    jne 1234 ; Jump if not equal to the


    instruction
    ; at address 1234
    Special Instructions

    cli ; Clear the interrupt flag

    sti ; Set the interrupt flag


    CS-401
    Computer Architecture & Assembly
    Language Programming
    Lecture-3
    Introduction to Assembly Language
    • Lets revise the last lecture
    Basic Computer Organization

    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)


    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    General Purpose

    AX
    BX
    CX
    DX
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    General Purpose
    16-bit

    AX

    AH AL
    8-bit 8-bit
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    General Purpose
    16-bit

    BX

    BH BL
    8-bit 8-bit
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    General Purpose

    • AX A Accumulator Register
    • BX B Base Register
    • CX C Counter Register
    • DX D Destination Register
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    Pointer / Index / Base

    SI
    DI
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    Pointer / Index / Base
    • SI SI Source Index
    • DI DI Destination Index
    • IP IP Instruction Pointer
    • SP SP Stack Pointer
    • BP BP Base Pointer
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    Flag Register

    - - - - O D I T S Z - A - P - C

    C = Carry S = Sign Bit


    P = Parity T = Trap Flag
    A= Auxiliary Carry I = Interrupt Flag
    Z= Zero Bit D = Direction Flag
    O = Overflow
    Registers
    Program Counter
    Instruction Pointer

    Function:
    Address of next instruction to be executed
    Instruction Groups

    Data Movement Instructions


    Arithmetic / Logic Instructions
    Program Control Instructions
    Special Instructions
    Data Movement

    mov ax,bx ; move data from bx to ax

    lda 0234 ; load 0234 into


    ; accumulator
    Arithmetic and Logic Instructions

    and ax,1234 ; AND 1234 with ax

    add bx,0534 ; ADD 0534 to bx

    add bx,[1200] ; ADD data at address 1200 to


    bx

    add ax,[1234] ; ADD data from address 1234


    to ax
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    Segment

    • CS CS Code Segment


    • DS DS Data Segment
    • SS SS Stack Segment
    • ES ES Extra Segment
    iAPX 88 Registers (16-bit)
    General Purpose

    • AX AH,AL
    • BX BH,BL
    • CX CH,CL
    • DX DH,DL
    A Simple Program

    Move 5 to AX mov ax,5


    Move 10 to BX mov bx,10
    ADD BX to AX add ax,bx
    Move 15 to BX mov bx,15
    ADD BX to AX add ax,bx
    General Instruction Format

    • instruction dest, src


    • instruction dest
    • instruction src
    Assembler

    NASM

    The Netwide Assembler


    Linker

    ALINK
    Debugger

    AFD

    Advanced Full Screen Debug


    EX01.ASM
    [ORG 0X100]

    mov ax,5
    mov bx,10
    Add ax,bx
    Mov bx,15
    Add ax,bx

    Mov ax,0x4c00
    Int 0x21
    EX01.LST
    Word Representation
    • 4 Byte Word

    MSB LSB

    • Representation in Memory
    Representation 1

    Little Endian Notation MSB LSB


    0 1 2 3
    Representation 2

    Big Endian Notation LSB MSB

    0 1 2 3

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