NANO-REVOLUTION

IN DENTISTRY: HOW
NANOPARTICLES
ARE
TRANSFORMING
THE FIELD.

DR.SHAILJA SHARDA
MDS-I
BHARTI VIDYAPEETH DENTAL
COLLEGE, PUNE.
SEMINAR 2
CONTENTS
BOTTOM UP
INTRODUCTION APPROACH

TOP DOWN
HISTORY APPROACH

NANO DENTISTRY REFERENCES

 • Nanotechnology is based on structures that are ten thousand
times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.
INTRODUCTION
 H. Dosch, M. Van de Voorde
• Nano-dentistry” can be defined as the science (eds.), Gennesys White

NANO -
Paper: A new European
and technology of diagnosing, treating, and partnership between
nanomaterials science and
preventing oral and dental disease, relieving
DENTISTRY
nanotechnology and
synchrotron radiation and
pain, and of preserving and improving dental neutron facilities. (Max-
Planck-Institut f¨ur
health, using nanoscale-structured materials . Metallforschung, Stuttgart,
2009).
 HISTORY

Dr.Richard Feynman
Dr. Robert Frietas
Dr. Nori Taniguchi
“There’s Plenty of Room at
defined as "the processing Coined the term nano
the Bottom,” - at an American
of separation, consolidation, dentistry in 2000
Physical Society meeting at
Caltech on December 29, 1959 and deformation of materials by
one atom or one molecule."​
 NANO DENTISTRY
BOTTOM UP TOP DOWN
APPROACH APPROACH

Seeks to arrange smaller Seeks to produce smaller

components into more devices by using larger
complex assemblies, the ones in achieving
covalent bond of which precision in structure and
are extremely strong(Das assembly. (Das et al,
et al., 2007) 2007)
 BOTTOM-UP APROACH

HYPERSENSITIVIT
LOCAL MAJOR TOOTH
Y
ANAESTHESIA REPAIR

ORTHODONTIC
DENTIFROBOTS NANO
TOOTH
THERAPEUTICS
REPOSITIONING

Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Misuriya A, Maroli S, Manjula S, Singh AK. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future. J Int Oral Health 2013;6(1):121-6.
 LOCAL
ANASTHESIA
The ambulating nanorobots reach
the pulp via the gingival sulcus,
Colloidal suspension - active lamina propria and dentinal tubules.
Instilled on the patient's gingiva.
analgesic micron-size nanobots

Dentist comands to shut down all After oral procedures are

sensitivity in any particular tooth completed, the dentist orders the
that requires treatment. nanorobots to restore all sensation
 DENTINAL
HYPERSENSITIVITY
Bioactive glass
For the treatment of hypersensitivity nano
particles of BAG is used. This technology is
known as NovaMin Ⓡ . NovaMin Ⓡ ,technically
described as an inorganic amorphous calcium
sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) material that was
designed based on a class of materials known as
bioactive glasses. It comprises 45% SiO2, 24.5%
Na20, 24.5% CaO and 6% P205.

Remineralization of dentin induced by treatment with bioactive

glass S53P4 in vitro A.P Frosback,S Arifa,J I Salonen Acta odontol
stand 2004;62:14-20
 Beta-tricalcium
Calcium fluoride phosphate
nanoparticles
The combination of fluoride and fß-TCP produces stronger,
The CaF2 nanoparticle (nano-CaF2) more acid-resistant mineral relative to fluoride, native b-
has a 20-fold higher surface area TCP or fß-tcp alone. Nanomaterials of ß-TCP may achieve
compared with traditional CaF2. more effective remineralizing results

Hydroxyapatite na
noparticle
It is shown that the basic building blocks of Nanocomplexes of CPP
enamel are 20-40 nm size HAP
& ACP
It is proposed that the CPP binds to
nanoparticles. In vitro data indicate that n-
the spontaneously forming ACP
HAP with a size of 20 nm fits well with the
nanoclusters under alkaline conditions.
dimensions of the on the enamel surface
caused by acidic erosion.
 MAJOR TOOTH REPAIR
Bioinert Zirconia
Hydroxyapatite Particles

As a biomaterial for Polycrystalline

restoration. biocompatible ceramic

It increases mechanical
strength of the material.

Bioactive Glass
SiO2, Na2O, CaO and P2O5 .

Material increases bone

bonding ability.
 ORTHODONTIC
TOOTH
REPOSITIONING

Nanorobots could directly manipulate the periodontal tissues,

including gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and
alveolar bone, allowing rapid and painless tooth straightening,
rotating and vertical repositioning within minutes to hours.
NANOROBOTIC
DENTRIFICE
(DENTIROBOTS)
These invisibly small dentifrobots [1-10 micron],
crawling at 1-10 microns/sec, would be inexpensive,
purely mechanical devices, that would safely
deactivate themselves if swallowed and would be
programmed with strict occlusal avoidance protocol.

Review article'NANODENTISTRY':
Exploring the beauty of miniature.
Rita Chandki 1, M. Kala 2, Kiran
Kumar N. 3, Biji Brigit 4, Priyank
Banthia 5, Ruchi Banthia 6 J Clin
Exp Dent. 2012;4(2):e119-24
 NANO
THERAPEUTIC

Saliva - inexpensive,
noninvasive & diagnostic A specialized class of Elevated exosome secretion
Exosome - in oral cancer
medium containing biomarkers - sub-100 nm and tumor-antigen
have been studied recently
proteomic and genomic membrane bound secretory enrichment of exosomes -
using AFM
markers for molecular vesicles called “exosomes”. cancer cells.
disease identification.

Sharma S, Cross SE, Hsueh C,

Wali RP, Stieg AZ, Gimzewski JK.
Nanocharacterization in
dentistry. Int J Mol
Sci. 2010;11(6):2523–2545.
doi: 10.3390/ijms11062523
 TOP DOWN APROACH

NANO- NANO-
NANO
TECHNOLOGY IMPRESSION
COMPOSITES
OF GIC MATERIALS

NANOPARTICLE
NANO NANO
S COATED
SOLUTIONS NEEDLES
IMPLANTS

Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Misuriya A, Maroli S, Manjula S, Singh AK. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future. J Int Oral Health 2013;6(1):121-6.
 NANO TECHNOLOGY OF GIC
Nano HAP&
Fluorapatite
Titanium
dioxide
• F u j i I I , G C C ro p
• I m p ro v e d s e t t i n g re a c t i o n
• I m p ro v e d P o l y s a l t b r i d g e f o r m a t i o n
GLASS • Kavitan, spofa dental, czech
re p u b l i c i n 3 % w t .

• Better bonding with dentine

• I n c re a s e d c o m p re s s i v e s t re n g t h IONOMER B e t t e r m e c h a n i c a l p ro p e r t i e s a s i t
occupies the empty spaces between

CEMENT
l a r g e r G I C p a r t i c l e s a s t h e re i s
additional bonding between
Chlorhexidine polyacrylic acid & glass particles
nanoparticles

• Diamond carve, kemdent

• A c t s a s a n a n t i - m i c ro b i a l
p ro p e r t y
 NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN RESIN MODIFIED
GIC

• Ketac Nano (3M ESPE) is a two-paste

commercial resin-modified glass ionomer -
Aggregated 'nanoclusters'( 1 μm size range)
composed of 5-20 nm spherical particles as
well as non-agglomerated silica fillers and
acid-reactive glass fillers in its powder
 NANO-FILLED LIGHT
CURING VARNISH

• Another application of
nanotechnology in GIC is the
development of a nano-filled light
curing varnish (G-Coat Plus, GC
Europe), which is applied onto the
surface of a highly viscous GIC
(Fuji IX GP Extra, GC Europe).
 CONVENTIONAL GIC
CATEGORY BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION PARTICLES CHARACTERISTIC

GIC GC Fuji II RESTORATIVE CEMENT 4-5 um Anti cariogenic

Esthetic restoration
moisture sensitive
GC Fuji II RESIN MODIFIED <50 um Less setting time
CEMENT Less compressive
strength

NANO GIC
CATEGORY BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION PARTICLES CHARACTERISTIC

GIC Ketac Nano Nano-GIC 1 um INCREASE resistance to

3M Espe clusters containing 5-25 biomechanical
St Paul, MN, US nm spherical particles degradation
INCRAESE bond
strength to tooth
structure

GC Fuji II Nano-filled light curing N/A Reduced occlusal wear

varnish and improve flexural
strength
 NANO TECHNOLOGY
FOR COMPOSITES

• Nano composites – particles smaller than 100 microns

• Also used in dentine bonding agents along with composites.

• Types of nanoparticles in dentine bonding agent:

1. Nano silver particles (nAg)
2. Nano amorphous calcium phosphate (nACP)
3. Nano quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (nQADM)
 Nano silver
particles (nAg)

• A n t i - b a c t e r i a l p ro p e r t y
DENTINE Nano
quaternary
BONDING ammonium dimet
hacrylate (nQAD
Nano amorphous cal
AGENTS M)
cium
• Anti bacterial property
phosphate

• H e l p s i n re m i n e r a l i z a t i o n a n d e l i m i n a t e b i o f i l m s

• NanoACP has more surface area than microACP

• nACP + nQADM + nAg = decreases S.
resulting into increase ion release and more Mutans film growth
remineralization
CONVENTIONAL ENAMEL AND DENTINE BONDING AGENTS
CATEGORY BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION PARTICLES CHARACTERISTIC
Enamel/dentine Clearfill SE Bond 2 bottle 2 step NA Less technique
bonding bonding system sensitive
Less volatile
Less bond strength

NANO ENAMEL AND DENTINE BONDING AGENTS

CATEGORY BRAND NAME CLASSIFICATION PARTICLES CHARACTERISTIC
Enamel/dentine Prime&Bond NT Nano-filled adhesive 7-12mm SiO2 particles Higher micro-tensile
bonding Dentsply International strength to dentine
York,PA,USA than one –bottle self
etch adhesive systems.
 SPERICAL ZIRCONIA
NANOPARTICLES
• Spherical zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanoparticles
(size range -20-50 nm) have been added
to either primer or adhesive of a
commercial system (Adper Scotchbond
Multi-Purpose,3M Espe).
• It stabilizes the hybrid layer.
• Higher bond strength to dentine and
stable flexural modoulus & flexural
strength.
CONVENTIONAL COMPOSITES
NANOCOMPOSITES
 IMPRESSION
MATERIALS

Nanosilica fillers are integrated in vinylpolysiloxanes, producing a unique addition of siloxane impression
materials.
•Advantages:
•1. Increased fluidity – especially when pressure is applied.
•2. High tear resistance.
•3. Improved Hydrophilic properties.
•4. Resistance to distortion and heat resistance.
•5. Snap set that consequently reduces errors caused by micro movements.
 NANOCOMPOSITE TEETH
Porcelain Teeth

Porcelain denture teeth

are most wear resistant,
but they are brittle, lack
bonding to the denture
Acrylic Teeth
base, and difficult to
Acrylic resin denture
polish.
teeth are easier to
• Advantages: recontour, but underg
• - Highly polishable, stain Nanocomposite Teeth o excessive wear.
Nanocomposite denture
and impact
resistant material teeth comprises
of Polymethylmethacrylate (P
• - Lively surface structure
MMA), and uniformly
• - Superior surface dispersed nano -
hardness and
sized filler particles.
wear resistance
 NANOPARTICLES COATED
IMPLANTS

•Nanotechnologies may produce surfaces with controlled topography and

chemistry that would help understanding biological interactions and developing
novel implant surfaces with predictable tissue- integrative properties.
•Apart from using nano implants in dentistry several materials are there which are
added to the implant surface (using nano technology) to increase osseointegration.
•Yttria-stabilized zirconia nano particles reinforced in BAG- This yttria-stabilized
zirconia bio-glass is deposited on the titanium implant (Ti6Al4V) using
electrophoretic deposition.
 Mundathaje, Mahesh.
(2015). Applications of
Nanotechnology
in Prosthodontics. Journal of
NANOPARTICLES COATED International Medicne and
Dentistry. 2. 193-198. ​

IMPLANTS

• Bioactive cap nanocrystals deposited on titanium implants are

resorbable and stimulate bone apposition and healing.
•It is possible to incorporate biologically active drugs such as antibiotics
or growth factors during the precipitation of cap coatings on ti implants.
(34,35) compared with titanium alloy covered in micron-sized bumps,
about 60% more new cells are grown on the same alloy containing
nanometer-scale features, eg: nanotite™ nano-coated implant.
 Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019
Oct; 9(10): 1393.
NANOSTRUCTURED ZIRCONIA Published online 2019 Sep
29. doi: 10.3390/nano9101393
BASED CROWN
• Nanoceramic refers to the ceramic material with nanoscale dimensions in the microstructures
phase.
•Nanoceramics have superplasticity.
• Ceramic is essentially a kind of brittle material; however, nanoceramic shows good toughness
and ductility.
•Secondly, nanoceramic has the superior mechanical properties, such as strength and hardness
increasing significantly.
•For example, at 100°C the microhardness of nano-tio2ceramics is 13,000 kn/mm2, while that of
ordinary tio2ceramics is lower than 2,000 kn/mm2.
•To improve mechanical properties of glass ceramics based on lithium disilicate, persson et al used a
sol-gel method to produce glass ceramics in the zirconia-silica system with nanosized grains, which
was found to be translucent, with a transmittance of over 70%, and possessed excellent corrosion
resistance.
 Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019
Oct; 9(10): 1393.
NANOSTRUCTURED ZIRCONIA Published online 2019 Sep
29. doi: 10.3390/nano9101393
BASED CROWN

Only two commercial products :

• ZrHP-
nano® (ProtMatMateriaisAvan
çados®-Brazil)
• NANOZR® (Panasonic
Healthcare–The Netherlands).
 NANOPARTICLES IN RESINS (POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE {PMMA}
Mundathaje, Mahesh. (2015). Applications
of Nanotechnology in Prosthodontics. Journal
of International Medicne and Dentistry. 2. 193-
198.

• Nanoparticles are added to polymethyl methacrylate as antimicrobial agents to increase the

viscoelastic property of resins.
• 70% of removable denture wearers suffer from denture stomatitis.
• Caused by adherence of biofilm onto the denture base for which silver and platinum
nanoparticles as an effective antimicrobial agent.
 NANO NEEDLES,
NANO ENCAPSULATION
&NANO TWEEZERS
•Nano Suture needles, nano needles for delivering
local anesthetics for surface anesthesia,, nanotips for
scalling, nanoencapsulations are now being
developed.
•Suture needles incorporating nano-sized stainless
steel crystals have been developed. (Sandvik Bioloine,
RK 91 TM needles (AB Sandvik, Sweden).
•Nano-tweezers are also under development, which
will make cell surgery possible in near future.
 REFERENCES
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• T h e t o p i c o f n a n o t e c h n o l o g y w a s a g a i n t o u c h e d u p o n b y “ T h e r e ’s P l e n t y o f R o o m a t t h e B o t t o m , ” a t a l k g i v e n b y p h y s i c i s t
Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959

• N o r i o Ta n i g u c h i , “ O n t h e B a s i c C o n c e p t o f ‘ N a n o - Te c h n o l o g y ’ , ” P r o c . I n t l . C o n f . P r o d . E n g . To k y o , P a r t I I , J a p a n S o c i e t y
of Precision Engineering, 1974,

• F r e i t a s R A . , J r N a n o d e n t i s t r y. J A m D e n t A s s o c . 2 0 0 0 ; 1 3 1 : 1 5 5 9 – 1 5 6 6 .

• Malathi Suresh, S. Mitthra & Karthick, Arumugam & Anuradha, Balasubramaniam & Rathakrishnan, Mensudar &
S a d h a n a , K a l y a n i & Va r s h i n i , G u r u b a r a n . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . N a n o r o b o t s - A S m a l l Wo n d e r. B i o s c i e n c e s , B i o t e c h n o l o g y R e s e a r c h Asia. 13.
2131-2134. DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2374.

• R e v i e w a r t i c l e ' N A N O D E N T I S T RY ' : E x p l o r i n g t h e b e a u t y o f m i n i a t u r e . R i t a C h a n d k i 1 , M . K a l a 2 , K i r a n K u m a r N . 3 , B i j i
B r i g i t 4 , P r i y a n k B a n t h i a 5 , R u c h i B a n t h i a 6 J C l i n E x p D e n t . 2 0 1 2 ; 4 ( 2 ) : e 11 9 - 2 4

• Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Misuriya A, Maroli S, Manjula S, Singh AK. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future. J Int
Oral Health 2013;6(1):121-6.

•N a n o d e n t i s t r y : A P a r a d i g m S h i f t - f r o m F i c t i o n t o R e a l i t y ; J I n d i a n P r o s t h o d o n t S o c ( J a n - M a r 2 0 11 ) 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 6 ; D O I
1 0 . 1 0 0 7 / s 1 3 1 9 1 - 0 11 - 0 0 6 2 - 0

•S i m o n e E . H i e b e r a n d B e r t M ¨ u l l e r
Thank you.