Passive (Autosaved)

VERB
Bare Form/ Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3/Past Verb + ing

Infinitive Participle
Linking/ be is, are, am was, were have, been being
Auxiliary
take take took taken taking
tell tell told told telling
fix fix fixed fixed fixing
apply apply applied applied applying
do do did done doing
Bare Form/ Verb 3/Past
Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb + ing
Infinitive Participle
be is, are, am was, were have, been being
General Structure (Passive)
• Passive
Object + Linking + Verb 3 + by Subject
Example: - The book is read by me
- The book has been read by me
- The book is being read by me
• Active
Subject + Verb + Object
Example: - I read the book
- I have read the book
- I am reading the book
MODAL VERB
CAN MAY
Ability, permission, request Permission, possibility
COULD MIGHT
Past ability, suggestion and possibility (polite) Possibility
SHALL WILL
Offer, suggestion Willingness, promise
SHOULD WOULD
Advice (polite) Request, invitation (polite)
MUST HAVE TO
Obligation (by own self) Obligation (forced)
MODAL
ACTIVE
Subject + Modal + Bare Form
Example: Maddy will gain weight
PASSIVE
Object + Modal + Linking (be) + Verb 3
Example: A rabbit can be caught by a hunter
Passive and Active Voice
A.I ate this morning.
B.I have eaten this morning
C.I have a food.

Perfect Tense
A. Present
Subject + Auxiliary (have/has) + Verb 3 (past participle)
Example: Marina has eaten
We have discussed about this before
B. Past
Subject + Auxiliary (had) + Verb 3 (past participle)
Example: Old people had used phone since 1970
Perfect Tense (Passive)
Present
Passive
Object + Linking (have/has) + been (Linking) + Verb 3 (past participle)
Example: Marina has been picked up by her mom
We have discussed about this before (active)

This has been discussed by us (passive)
They have been discussed by book

Book has been discussed by them
Perfect Tense
Functions
• As a result in present
She has lost her son (she can’t find him)
She lost her son (she can find him)
• Multiple actions
I have eaten this food twice
• Unfinished time
Shani has lived in Indonesia for eight years (now Shani is still in Indonesia
• Indefinite time
Garry has ever gone to Australia (it is not known when Garry went to
Australia)
Garry went to Australia in 2007 (it is clear and we know exactly when)
Do you know what???
‘HAVE/HAS’ can become a VERB or a LINKING
VERB LINKING
I had a doll I have had a doll
She has a car, I arrived here I have arrived here
My uncle had two daughters She has taken the apples
Perfect Tense Continuous Simple Modal Infinitive
Tense Linking Example
Simple Tense Am, is, are, was, were +V3 Mia is asked by her teacher
Perfect Tense Have/has + been + V3 We have been taught by Mr. Boma
Continuous Am, is are, was, were + being + V3 The balloon is being taken by them
Infinitive (to) To + be + V3 - We planned the car to be washed

- The paper has to be submitted
Modal (will, Be + V3 The books will be sold in the
must, can, etc.) bookstore by my brother
Past Simple Present Perfect
People wore mask in 2020 People has worn mask since 2020
(only wore in 2020, not until now) (Before 2020 people did not wear mask, and since 2020 until
now people wear mask)
I lived in Korea from 2020 to I have lived in Korea since 2020
2021 (since 2020 until now still living in Korea)
(after 2021 not living in Korea anymore)
Present Tense VS Present Continuous Tense
BREAK UP
GET UP
WAKE UP
Present Tense VS Present Continuous Tense
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE ACTIVE
Subject + Verb 1 + Object (optional) Subject + Linking (are, am, is) + Verb ing + Object (optional)
Example: Sierra kicks many balls Example: My mom is making a pizza
PASSIVE PASSIVE
Object + Linking (are, am, is) + Verb 3 + by Object + Linking (are, am, is) + Linking (being) + Verb 3 + by
Subject (optional) Subject (optional)
Example: Many balls are kicked by Sierra Example: A pizza is being made by my mom
Past Tense VS Past Continuous Tense
SIMPLE PAST TENSE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE ACTIVE
Subject + Verb 2 + Object (optional) Subject + Linking (was, were) + Verb ing + Object (optional)
Example: Sierra took a course yesterday Example: My mom was teaching many students at 4 p.m.
yesterday
PASSIVE
Object + Linking (was, were) + Verb 3 + by Subject PASSIVE
(optional) Object + Linking (was, were) + Linking (being) + Verb 3 + by
Example: A course is taken by Sierra yesterday Subject (optional)
Example: Many students was being taught by my mom at 4
p.m. yesterday
Modal
TENSES (12)
TENSES (16)
Should
Must = Seharusnya
Have to
Ought to
This is my cat
Ini adalah kucingku
Long Neck
Leher Panjang
Seorang : person
Seekor : animal
Sebuah: thing
TENSES TIME WORDS
PHONETIC ALPHABET
/ɪnˈtend/ /fʌn/ /ˈmʌn.i/ /kʌm/ /wɒtʃ/
/ʃʊd/ /hænd/ /əˈɡen/ /tiːm/ /fruːt/
/bɔːd/ /tɜːn/ /kɑːr/ /tɔːk/ /niːd/
/heər/ /tɔɪ/ /maʊθ/ /feɪs/ /klɪər/

/kaɪnd/ /əˈləʊn/ /reɪn/ /dʒuːs/ /tʃuːz/
/θɪŋ/ /vjuː/ /ʃɒp/ /ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən/ /θɔːt/
/zuː/ /jʌŋ/ /haɪ/ /ˈbrʌð.ər/ /ˈfraɪ.deɪ/

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Passive (Autosaved)

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VERB

Bare Form/ Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3/Past Verb + ing

General Structure (Passive)

C.I have a food.

We have discussed about this before (active)

They have been discussed by book

‘HAVE/HAS’ can become a VERB or a LINKING

Perfect Tense Have/has + been + V3 We have been taught by Mr. Boma

Infinitive (to) To + be + V3 - We planned the car to be washed

/heər/ /tɔɪ/ /maʊθ/ /feɪs/ /klɪər/

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