Black Studies

Black Studies
Prepared by
Erfan K.Abdullah Dlshad Muhamad
Mahmood
Supervised by Dr.Rebwar Z. Mohammed

Overview
 Other Names Of Black Studies.
 Definitions
 Aims.
 History of Black Studies
 Key Figures
 Literary Works
 Examples and Videos
What is Black Studies?
1. Black Studies is an interdisciplinary field that explores the history,
culture, literature, politics, and social issues related to people of
African descent. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of
the experiences, contributions, and challenges faced by black
communities globally.
2. Black studies is an academic discipline that explores the social,
political, economic, and cultural aspects of the African diaspora,
with a focus on illuminating the diverse experiences and perspectives
of black people, their communities, and their impact on society.
 Black Studies emerged as both an intellectual field and a
critical ideology during the 1960s. It has remained close to its
roots and also made a broad and deep impact on scholarship
in general by creating a fundamental shift in the way scholars
pursue research and view human societies: Black Studies has
made possible an awareness of the great contributions that
Africans and those of African descent have made to the
discourse of knowledge.
Other Names of Black Studies
 1. African American studies
 2. Africana studies
 3. Afro-American studies
 4. African diaspora studies (
 5. Pan-African studies
 6. African and African diaspora studies
 7. Black and African studies
 8. African and African American studies
 9. Black cultural studies
 10. Black history and culture studies
When did it start?
What was the cause?
Key Figures
Nathan Hare:
 Activist, psychologist, and professor /Co-founder of the Black Studies movement in the US
 Believed in African Americans controlling their education and studying their history and
culture
 Helped establish the first Black Studies program at San Francisco State University in 1968
 Fought against racial discrimination in employment, education, and housing
 Author of books and articles on race, psychology, and education "The Black Anglo-Saxons"
 - Worked as a professor at institutions like San Francisco State University, Stanford University,
and Howard University
 - His contributions have had a significant impact on African American studies and discussions
on race and education in the US.
 1. W.E.B. Du Bois - "The Souls of Black Folk"; "Black Reconstruction in America"
 2. Angela Davis - "Women, Race, and Class"
 3. Malcolm X - "The Autobiography of Malcolm X"
 4. Bell Hooks - "Ain't I a Woman?"; "Killing Rage: Ending Racism"
 5. Cornel West - "Race Matters"; "Black Prophetic Fire"
 6. Ida B. Wells - Various investigative journalism pieces on racial violence
 7. Carter G. Woodson - "The Mis-Education of the Negro"
 8. Toni Morrison - "Beloved"; "Song of Solomon"
 9. Octavia Butler - "Kindred"
 10. John Hope Franklin - "From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans"
Movements and Parties
 The Civil Rights Movement _
- Movement in the 1950s and 1960s
-Fought to end racial discrimination against African Americans.
-People used peaceful protests and boycotts to challenge unfair treatment.
-They wanted everyone to be treated equally under the law.
-The movement led to changes in laws and brought attention to the need for equal
rights for all Americans, regardless of their race
Key Figures of the Movement
 1. Martin Luther King Jr.
 2. Rosa Parks
 3. Malcolm X
 4. Thurgood Marshall
 5. John Lewis
 6. Ella Baker
 7. James Baldwin
 8. Ruby Bridges
 9. Medgar Evers

1. Martin Luther King Jr.
-Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister, social
activist, and prominent leader in the Civil Rights Movement.
-Using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian
beliefs.
-Famous speech "I Have a Dream" speech delivered during the
1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
-Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Rolling in the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the
2. Rosa Parks :
-African American woman who refused to give up her bus
seat to a white person.
-This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a big protest
against racial segregation.
-Her actions led to the end of segregation on buses.
-seen as a courageous leader in the Civil Rights Movement.
3. Malcolm X
- Malcolm X was a prominent leader in the Civil Rights Movement.
- He followed the teachings of the Nation of Islam, promoting Black
pride and self-defense.
- Expanded his views to include unity and justice for all races.
- Malcolm X's legacy continues to inspire discussions on race, equality,
and social justice.
- He advocated for African-American empowerment and fought against
systemic racism.
The Civil Rights Movement and
Assassination
Several prominent Black leaders were tragically killed in the
1960s in America. Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965,
and Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968. These
events had a significant impact on the Civil Rights Movement.
The Civil Rights Movement in America was a period of activism and protest in the 1950s and
1960s where African Americans fought for equality and justice, challenging racial segregation
and discrimination. Key events included the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on
Washington. Important legislation, like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, was passed to combat
discrimination. Though progress was made, the fight for racial equality continues today.
Malcolm X
Literary Writers and Works
A few literary writers who have made

significant contributions to Black Studies:
1. Toni Morrison - Known for her powerful exploration of race,
gender, and identity in works such as "Beloved," "Song of
Solomon," and "The Bluest Eye."
2. James Baldwin - His works like "Go Tell It on the Mountain,"
"The Fire Next Time," and "Notes of a Native Son" analyze the
complexities of racial identity, oppression, and social injustice.
3. Zora Neale Hurston - An important figure of the Harlem
Renaissance, Hurston's novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God"
delves into themes of self-discovery, love, and the African
American experience.
. 4. Alice Walker - Walker's novel "The Color Purple"
explores Black female identity and tackles issues of racism,
sexism, and abuse, earning her a Pulitzer Prize.
5. Richard Wright - Best known for his novels "Native Son"
and "Black Boy," which depict the harsh realities of racial
prejudice and oppression faced by African Americans.
6. Ralph Ellison - His renowned novel "Invisible Man"
examines the invisibility and identity struggles of an
African American man in a racially divided society.
Amiri Baraka (1934-2014) ( LeRoi Jones )
His Literary Works
1. "Dutchman" - This play, written in 1964, examines racial tensions
and the dynamics of power between a white woman and a young
Black man on a subway train.
2. "Blues People: Negro Music in White America" - Baraka's acclaimed
book analyzes the history, significance, and cultural impact of African
American music, particularly the blues.
3. "Black Music" - This book explores the aesthetics and cultural
importance of Black music, including jazz, spirituals, and gospel.
4. "The System of Dante's Hell" - A collection of Baraka's poetry that
delves into themes of racism, oppression, and political transformation.
Thank You.
Thank You.
Thank You.
Thank You.

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Black Studies

Supervised by Dr.Rebwar Z. Mohammed

A few literary writers who have made

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