Exogenous Processes

EXOGENOUS
PROCESSES
 DESCRIBE HOW ROCKS UNDERGO WEATHERING
 EXPLAIN HOW THE PRODUCTS OF WEATHERING ARE CARRIED AWAY
BY EROSION AND DEPOSITED ELSEWHERE
 IDENTIFY BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION
Weathering
- is the breakdown of rocks at the earth’s surface by
natural forces.
- it includes disintegration and decomposition

 Disintegration- breaks large masses of rocks into small
fragments.
Decomposition- is a chemical process which results in the

formation of new substances such as from elements to rocks.
Types of Weathering
 Mechanical Weathering – or physical weathering cause rocks to break into
small pieces with each piece retaining the characteristics of the original.
Types of Weathering
Types of Weathering
Weathering is hastened by activities of plants, borrowing animals, and by people.
Types of Weathering
 Chemical weathering- may be achieved through a chemical
reaction. Chemical weathering changes the makeup of rocks and
soil.
 Chemical processes of weathering include hydration,

hydrolysis, dissolution, carbonation oxidation and reduction.
water
Calcium Sulfate Soft Gympsum

Dissolution
◦ Process of dissolving mineral rock in water. The soluble
substances are removed by the continuous action of water.
Carbonation
◦ The mixing of carbon dioxide with water to form a weak
carbonic acid which in turn reacts with limestone.
Oxidation
◦ The reaction of a substance with oxygen. Oxygen is absorbed
from the atmosphere or from oxygen dissolves in soil water.
Iron reacts with oxygen to form reddish iron oxide, rust.
Reduction
◦ Process of removal of oxygen. When present in soils, these
iron oxides change soil color to grey, blue or green. Reduction
takes place under conditions of excess water.
Biological Weathering
-plants and animals are the agents of biological
weathering.
Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity
the downslope movement of rocks and soil under the direct
influence of gravity.
Rockslides are rapid flow of rock Slump is due to slow to moderate

mass along the flat inclined surfaces sliding of sediment of rock mass along a
curved surface
Mudslide is very slow to rapid movement
of fine-grained sediment and rock
particles
The following give rise to mass wasting:
◦Increased steepness
◦Increased in water soaking
◦Decreased vegetation
◦Earthquakes
Erosion
◦ The loosen of rock and mineral debris produced by
weathering and transport it to a new location.
◦ Erosion happens as a result of action of water, wind and
ice in their various forms, sandstorms, tsunamis, and to
some extent, people, animals, or plants also affect
erosion.
Causes of Erosion
◦ Kaingin method: Trees are cut and burned. Soil loses its fertility.
◦ Logging: Practice of illegal logging disturbs the soil.

◦ Infrastructure projects such as dams, roads, bridges, irrigations and drainage basins,
resorts, and hydroelectric plant.
◦ Mining: companies loosen and dig rocks exposing them to further erosion.
◦ Burning grasslands which may lead to accidental fires can destroy plants and leave
the soil bare.
Erosion by wind
• carries dust, sand, and ashes.
• sand and wind together act as sandpaper that polishes rocks
and cliffs until they are smooth
Erosion by water
◦ Water in motion is the major agent of erosion. Rain knocks off and
carries away bits of soil and slowly breaks of f tiny rock fragments.
2. Give the formation and results of the following types
of chemical weathering.
Types of Chemical Formation Result
Weathering
Hydration
Hydrolysis
Dissolution
Carbonation
Oxidation
Reduction
Performance Tasks:
a. Show places where erosion and

landslides may pose risks in the
community
Performance Tasks:
b. Mass wasting such as rockslides and mudslides involves
extremely rapid movement of materials. An example of this
is the 2006 Guinsaugon landslide in Southern Leyte which
killed about 12,000 people. What human activities do you
think cause mass wasting and how do we prevent it?

Exogenous Processes

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Exogenous Processes

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EXOGENOUS

- it includes disintegration and decomposition

Decomposition- is a chemical process which results in the

 Chemical processes of weathering include hydration,

Calcium Sulfate Soft Gympsum

Rockslides are rapid flow of rock Slump is due to slow to moderate

◦ Logging: Practice of illegal logging disturbs the soil.

a. Show places where erosion and

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