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    EARTHING Presentation

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    semajames
    Earthing is an essential part of electrical installations and substations to stabilize circuit potential, protect life and equipment from overvoltages, and provide a low impedance path for fault currents. Proper earthing objectives include limiting potential rises, protecting devices from overvoltages, and keeping voltage gradients safe. On distribution transformers, the high voltage and low voltage earthings must be separated, surge diverters should not be earthed with high voltage lines, and low voltage earthings should be installed every 4 spans. Earthings can be improved in difficult soil conditions by increasing earth mat area, using deep electrodes, auxiliary mats in low resistivity areas, or treating the soil with materials like charcoal dust or GEM cement.

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    EARTHING Presentation

    Uploaded by

    semajames
    11 views15 pages
    Earthing is an essential part of electrical installations and substations to stabilize circuit potential, protect life and equipment from overvoltages, and provide a low impedance path for fault currents. Proper earthing objectives include limiting potential rises, protecting devices from overvoltages, and keeping voltage gradients safe. On distribution transformers, the high voltage and low voltage earthings must be separated, surge diverters should not be earthed with high voltage lines, and low voltage earthings should be installed every 4 spans. Earthings can be improved in difficult soil conditions by increasing earth mat area, using deep electrodes, auxiliary mats in low resistivity areas, or treating the soil with materials like charcoal dust or GEM cement.

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    Earthing is an essential part of electrical installations and substations to stabilize circuit potential, protect life and equipment from overvoltages, and provide a low impedance path for fault currents. Proper earthing objectives include limiting potential rises, protecting devices from overvoltages, and keeping voltage gradients safe. On distribution transformers, the high voltage and low voltage earthings must be separated, surge diverters should not be earthed with high voltage lines, and low voltage earthings should be installed every 4 spans. Earthings can be improved in difficult soil conditions by increasing earth mat area, using deep electrodes, auxiliary mats in low resistivity areas, or treating the soil with materials like charcoal dust or GEM cement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views15 pages

    EARTHING Presentation

    Uploaded by

    semajames
    Earthing is an essential part of electrical installations and substations to stabilize circuit potential, protect life and equipment from overvoltages, and provide a low impedance path for fault currents. Proper earthing objectives include limiting potential rises, protecting devices from overvoltages, and keeping voltage gradients safe. On distribution transformers, the high voltage and low voltage earthings must be separated, surge diverters should not be earthed with high voltage lines, and low voltage earthings should be installed every 4 spans. Earthings can be improved in difficult soil conditions by increasing earth mat area, using deep electrodes, auxiliary mats in low resistivity areas, or treating the soil with materials like charcoal dust or GEM cement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    EARTHING

    By RAPHAEL KANG’ERI
    EARTHING
    ABSTRACT
    With today’s advances in electronics and
    technology earthing has become an
    essential part of everyday electricity and no
    one can think of electrical installation
    without earthing. For substation works
    earthing is very critical and it can save
    equipment from damage in case of fault, it
    can also save lives and accidents on
    operators.
    OBJECTIVES OF AN EARTHING SYSTEM

    Should stabilize circuit potential with respect to


    ground and limit the overall potential rise
    Should protect life and property of device from over
    voltages
    Should provide low impedance path to fault current
    for reliable and prompt operation of protective devices
    during ground fault
    Should keep the maximum voltage gradient along the
    surface inside and around the substation within the
    safe limits during ground faults
    EARTHING ON DISTRIBUTION
    TRANSFORMERS
    The ht and lv earthing must be separated. If possible
    the lv earthing be done one span away for the
    substation
    The surge diverter should not be earthed together
    with the ht earthing for h pole structure the ht
    earthing can run on one side and the surge diverter
    run on the other side
    The lv earthing should be placed after ever 4th span
    and on the terminal pole
    DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
    CONNECTION
    photos
    IMPLEMENTATION
    THE DOs
    Proper connection (earth rod couple)
    Proper material – copper cable
    Proper trenching (approx. 2ft)
    Striping the copper cable underground

    THE DON’T
    The use of water
    Removing cable strands
    EARTHING IN DIFFICULT SITUATION
    The earthing resistance can be improved by any one or
    more of the following methods.
    1. Increase the area of the earth mat.
    2. Provide deep earth electrodes.
    3. Provide auxiliary earth mat in a nearby place where
    the resistivity is low and Connect it to the main
    earth mat.
    4. Treating the earthmat and the electrode with
    suitable chemicals or material (charcoal dust).
    TREATING THE EARTH WITH SUITABLE CHEMICALS

    We have many chemicals used to enhance earthing of


    soil, these chemical should be of low resistance, non-
    corrosive, carbon concrete that improves grounding
    effectiveness. One product that has the above
    characteristics is GEM (Ground Enhancement Material)
     GEM contains Portland cement, which hardens when
    set, making it permanent, maintenance-free and it will
    never leach or wash away. GEM improves grounding
    effectiveness regardless of soil conditions. With this
    characteristic on hardening we can use it to reduce on
    vandals of copper see pictures below
    EARTHING
    EARTHING
    MEASUREMENT
    Measurement tool is an earth megger
    Mode of measurement
    1. 3 wire connection
    2. 4 wire connection
    Requirement
    1. HV earth below 20 ohms
    2. LV earth below 10 ohms
    EARTH MEGGER – 3 Wire connection
    THANKS
    QUESTIONS???

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