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    Anesthesia Presentation

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    Keerthana Ravi
    Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve conduction when applied locally, while general anesthetics cause reversible loss of sensation and consciousness. Major developments in anesthesia include the first public demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846 and the introduction of newer agents like halothane in the mid-20th century. Local anesthetics can cause side effects like rashes, dizziness, or respiratory failure in higher doses, while spinal anesthesia injects local anesthetic in the spinal area to anesthetize the lower body without loss of consciousness.

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    Anesthesia Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Keerthana Ravi
    16 views12 pages
    Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve conduction when applied locally, while general anesthetics cause reversible loss of sensation and consciousness. Major developments in anesthesia include the first public demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846 and the introduction of newer agents like halothane in the mid-20th century. Local anesthetics can cause side effects like rashes, dizziness, or respiratory failure in higher doses, while spinal anesthesia injects local anesthetic in the spinal area to anesthetize the lower body without loss of consciousness.

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    anaesthesia on child labour

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    anesthesia presentation

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    Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve conduction when applied locally, while general anesthetics cause reversible loss of sensation and consciousness. Major developments in anesthesia include the first public demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846 and the introduction of newer agents like halothane in the mid-20th century. Local anesthetics can cause side effects like rashes, dizziness, or respiratory failure in higher doses, while spinal anesthesia injects local anesthetic in the spinal area to anesthetize the lower body without loss of consciousness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views12 pages

    Anesthesia Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Keerthana Ravi
    Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve conduction when applied locally, while general anesthetics cause reversible loss of sensation and consciousness. Major developments in anesthesia include the first public demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846 and the introduction of newer agents like halothane in the mid-20th century. Local anesthetics can cause side effects like rashes, dizziness, or respiratory failure in higher doses, while spinal anesthesia injects local anesthetic in the spinal area to anesthetize the lower body without loss of consciousness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    INTRODUCTION

    Anesthesia is a medical intervention that prevents


    patients from feeling pain during procedures like
    surgery, certain screening and diagnostic tests.
    TYPES OF ANESTHESIA

    LOCAL ANESTHETICS GENERAL ANESTHETICS


    • Drugs that block nerve • These are agents that brings
    conduction when applied locally about reversable loss of
    to nerve tissue sensation and consciousness
    • They act on every type of nerve
    fiber and can cause both sensory
    and motor paralysis
    • In 1846 , alcohol , opium, packing of limb with ice and
    concussion.
    • Dr. Horace Wells , a dentist tried to demonstrate the effect of
    nitrous oxide as an anesthetic in 1844 but was
    unsuccessful as he removed the gas bad too early.
    • Dr. William Morton who was present at the time of
    demonstration worked on it and in 1846 demonstrated other
    anesthesia successfully.
    • Chloroform was introduced by James Y Simpson in 1847,
    • In 1956 Halothane was introduced into
    anesthetic practice by Johnstone
    SYSTEMIC EFFECTS:
    1.HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION:
    - Skin rashes , dermatitis , asthma or rarely anaphylaxis are more common with ester type drugs.

    2. CNS:
    - Dizziness , sedation, auditory, and visual disturbances, mental confusion and disorientation
    - Higher doses include
    - Anxiety
    - Nystagmus
    - Muscle tremors
    - Conulsions and respiratory failure
    - 3. CVS:
    - Blocade of sodium channels in the myocardium by LA results in myocardial
    depression
    SPINAL ANAESTHESIA :

    • Local anaesthetic solution is injected into the subarochnoid space


    between L2-3 or L3-4 below the lower end of spinal cord
    • The drug acts on nerve roots lower abdomen and lower limbs are
    anesthetised and paralysed
    • Lignacaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine are used for
    spinal anaesthesia
    ADVANTAGES:
    • Safe
    • Affords good analgesia
    • Muscle relaxation
    • No loss of consciouness
    USES:
    • Surgical procedure used on :
    • Lowerlimb
    • Pelvis
    • Lower abdomen
    • obstetric procedures
    • Caesarean section and other operation done on spinal anaesthesia
    EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA:
    • LA is injected into the spinal extradural space
    • It acts on nerve roots while small amounts diffuse into subacarchnoid
    space
    • It is technically more difficult and comparatively larger volumes of the
    anaesthetic are needed
    • After repeated injections, tachyphylaxis mat develop
    ADVANTAGES :
    • Sensory blockade is 4-5 segments higher than motor blockade. This
    difference is useful for obstetric analgesia

    • Mother has painless labour and can still cooperate in the process of
    labour and is conscious through out.

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