Lect 8

IPv6 Addressing
• Designed to increase the size of the IP address space

(128 bit), thus providing addresses for many more
devices than IPv4
• Reduces the size of the routing tables because the size of the
addresses provides for more than the two levels of subnetting
currently possible with IPv4
IPv6 Addressing
 IPv6 Addressing
 128-bit identifiers for interfaces
 Three types of addresses
 Unicast
 Anycast
 Multicast
2018
Large Adresse Space
IPv4
~
• 32
= bits or 4 bytes long
• 4,200,000,000 possible addressable nodes
IPv6
• 128
= bits or 16 bytes: four times the bits of IPv4
~
~
=
• 3.4 * 1038 possible addressable nodes
~
= • 340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,432,768,211,456
• 5 * 1028 addresses per person
Simple and Efficient Header
A simpler and more efficient header means:

• Hardware-based, efficient processing
• Improved routing efficiency and performance
• Faster forwarding rate with better scalability
benefits IPv6 are :
Increased address space
Simplified configuration (with auto configuration)
Integrated security (IPSec)
Backward compatibility with IPv4
Version Traffic Class Flow Label
40
Pay Load Length Next Header Hop Limit Octet
Source Address
Destination address Varia

le
Data Leng
Source address: It is of 128 bits and contains the IPv6 address
of the originating node of the packet.
Destination address: It is of 128 bits and contains the IPv6
address of the recipient node of the packet.
Version/IP version: It is of 4 bits and contains the number 6.It
indicates the version of the IPv6 protocol.
Time To Live (TTL)/Hop Limit (8 bits): The 8-bit Hop Limit
field is decremented by one, by each node (typically a router)
that forwards a packet. If the Hop Limit field is decremented to
zero, the packet is discarded
Unicast : Provides one-to-one transmission service to individual
interfaces, Identifier for a single interface. Packet sent to a
unicast address delivered to interface identified by that address.
Anycast : Provides one-to-one-of-many transmission service
to groups of interfaces, Identifier for a set of interfaces.
Packet sent to an address of this type is delivered to one of the
interfaces identified by the address (nearest one).
Multicast : Provides one-to-many transmission service to
groups of interfaces identified by a single multicast address.
Identifier for a set of interfaces…a packet sent to an address
of this type is delivered to all interfaces identified by that
address.
There are three conventional forms for representing IPv6
addresses as text strings.
x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x
'x's are the hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of
the address.
FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
A special syntax for compressing long strings of zero bits will
be used.
"::" indicates multiple groups of 16-bits of zeros.
Can only be used once.
• Basic IPv6 Address Format
Global
Unicast Addresses
The current official format for global unicast addresses
consists of the following elements:
• Unicast Address : A 48-bit field beginning with the 001 in
binary,
• Subnet ID: a 16-bit field that organizations can use to
create an internal hierarchy of sites or subnets
• Interface ID: A 64-bit field identifying a specific interface
on the network
13
Expressing IPv6
Network Addresses
• No subnet masks in IPv6
• Network addresses use the same slash notation as CIDR:
21cd:53::/64
• This is the contracted form for the following network
address:
21cd:0053:0000:0000/64
14
IPv6 Addressing
Types Unicast Address
1. Link local address
2. Site local address
3. Global address
1.Link local address
– Used on a single link
– Prefix is 1111 1110 10
– FE80:
| 10 bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+--------------- +-------------------------+----------------------------+
| interface ID | 0 | 1111111010|
-------------------------+----------------+
+----------------------------+
IPv6 Addressing
Site local address .2
– Used on a single site
– Prefix is 1111 1110 11
– FEC0:
| 10 bits | 38 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+----------------+-------------+-------------+--------------------------+
|1111111011| 0 | subnet ID | interface ID |
+----------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------------+
IPv6 Addressing
• Global address
– Unique in Internet
– Prefix is 001
| 3| 13 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+--+-----+---+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
|FP| TLA |RES| NLA | SLA | Interface ID |
| | ID | | ID | ID | |
+--+-----+---+--------+---------------+----------------------------+
IPv6 Addressing
Anycast address .2
When a unicast address is assigned to more than one interface, thus turning
it into an anycast address,
| 10 bits | 38 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+----------------+-------------+-------------+--------------------------+
|1111111011| 0 | subnet ID | interface ID |
+----------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------------+
IPv6 Addressing
• Multicast Addresses
Is an identifier for a group of nodes.
| 8 | 4| 4 | 112 bits |
+------------------+----+--------+---------------------------------------------+
|*11111111 |flgs|scop| ** group ID |
+------------------+----+---------+---------------------------------------------+
• *11111111identifies the address as a multicast address

• **Group ID identifies the multicast group (permanent or transient)
• flgs is a set of 4 flags: |0|0|0|T|
• The high-order 3 flags are reserved, and must be initialized to 0.
• T = 0 indicates a permanently-assigned ("well-known") multicast address,
• assigned by the global internet numbering authority.
• T = 1 indicates a non-permanently-assigned ("transient") multicast address.
• scop is a 4-bit multicast scope value used to limit the scope of the multicast group.
Examples of addresses
Uncompressed
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
Compressed
1080::8:800:200C:417A
. Examples of Addresses
Uncompressed
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101
Compressed
FF01::101
. Examples of Loopback Addressing
Uncompressed
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
Compressed
::1
Examples of unspecified addressing
Uncompressed
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
Compressed
::

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IPv6 Addressing

• Designed to increase the size of the IP address space

A simpler and more efficient header means:

Destination address Varia

• *11111111identifies the address as a multicast address

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