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    Presentation1 Eye

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    sujitha
    The human eye is nearly spherical with a diameter of about 20mm. It is enclosed by three membranes - the outer sclera and cornea, the middle choroid layer containing blood vessels, and the inner retina. The iris controls the size of the pupil and amount of light entering. The lens, suspended by fibers from the ciliary body, changes shape to focus light onto the retina. The retina contains rod and cone light receptors - cones for color and detail vision and rods for low light vision. Visual perception occurs when light is converted to nerve impulses in the retina and processed in the brain.

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    Presentation1 Eye

    Uploaded by

    sujitha
    18 views12 pages
    The human eye is nearly spherical with a diameter of about 20mm. It is enclosed by three membranes - the outer sclera and cornea, the middle choroid layer containing blood vessels, and the inner retina. The iris controls the size of the pupil and amount of light entering. The lens, suspended by fibers from the ciliary body, changes shape to focus light onto the retina. The retina contains rod and cone light receptors - cones for color and detail vision and rods for low light vision. Visual perception occurs when light is converted to nerve impulses in the retina and processed in the brain.

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    Presentation1-eye

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    The human eye is nearly spherical with a diameter of about 20mm. It is enclosed by three membranes - the outer sclera and cornea, the middle choroid layer containing blood vessels, and the inner retina. The iris controls the size of the pupil and amount of light entering. The lens, suspended by fibers from the ciliary body, changes shape to focus light onto the retina. The retina contains rod and cone light receptors - cones for color and detail vision and rods for low light vision. Visual perception occurs when light is converted to nerve impulses in the retina and processed in the brain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views12 pages

    Presentation1 Eye

    Uploaded by

    sujitha
    The human eye is nearly spherical with a diameter of about 20mm. It is enclosed by three membranes - the outer sclera and cornea, the middle choroid layer containing blood vessels, and the inner retina. The iris controls the size of the pupil and amount of light entering. The lens, suspended by fibers from the ciliary body, changes shape to focus light onto the retina. The retina contains rod and cone light receptors - cones for color and detail vision and rods for low light vision. Visual perception occurs when light is converted to nerve impulses in the retina and processed in the brain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Human Eye- nearly a sphere; diameter 20mm approx.

    Three membranes enclose it:

    1.Cornea and sclera – the outer cover


    2.Choroid
    3.Retina––surface of the eye.

    Sclera
    – opaque membrane enclosing remainder of the optical globe.
    Choroid
    – Directly below the sclera- contains network of blood vessels
    (major source of nutrition to eye).
    Choroid coat is heavily pigmented - helps to reduce the
    extraneous light entering the eye and backscatter with in the
    optical globe.

    Choroid is divided into ciliary body and iris diaphragm at the


    anterior extreme.

    Amount of light that enters the eye.

    Iris is the central opening of the eye. Diameter varies from 2-


    8mm.

    Front of the iris – contains the visible pigment of the eye.

    Back of the iris – Black pigment.


    Lens –made up of concentric layers of fibrous cells and is suspended
    by fibers that attach to the ciliary body.
    It contains 60-70% water, 6% fat and large amount of protein.
    Retina
    *When eye is properly focused, light from an object
    outside the eye is imaged at the retina.
    Pattern vision – by distribution of light receptors over
    the surface of retina.
    Two classes of receptors:
    Cones
    Rods
    Cones
    – 6-7 million cones in each eye at the central portion of retina called
    the fovea.
    - highlysensitive to color
    - each cone is connected to its own nerve end
    -can resolve high details-the image of object falls on fovea.

    -Cone vision is bright light (or photopic) vision.


    Rods

    -75-150 million rods over the retinal surface.


    -larger area of distribution
    -Several rods are connected to a single nerve.
    - reduces the amount of detail
    -gives overall picture of filed of view.
    -not involve in color vision.
    - sensitive to low levels of illumination
    Rod vision is dim light(or scotopic)vision
    Image formation in the eye
    -Principal difference between lens of eye and ordinary optical lens is
    that lens of eye is more flexible.
    -radius of curvature of anterior surface of lens is greater than
    radius of its posterior surface.
    The shape of the lens is controlled by tension in fibres of the ciliary body.
    To focus on farther objects, the controlling muscles cause lens to
    be relatively flattened.
    To focus on nearby objects, these muscles allow the lens to
    become thicker.
    Focal length- distance between center of lens and retina(varies
    from 17mm-14mm). 15/100 = h/17
    Or, h=2.55mm
    Retinal image is reflected primarily in the area of fovea.
    Perception then takes place by relative excitation of light
    preceptors.
    (transforms radiant energy into electrical impulses that are
    ultimately decoded by the brain).
    Brightness Adaptation and Discrimination
    Digital images are displayed as a discrete
    set of intensities, the eyes ability to
    discriminate between different intensity
    levels is an important.
    subjective brightness (intensity as perceived by the human
    visual system) is a logarithmic function of the light intensity
    incident on the eye.
    The long solid curve represents the range of
    intensities to which the visual system can
    adapt. In photopic vision alone, the range is
    about 10 Power 6.
    Large variation by changes in its overall
    sensitivity, a phenomenon known as brightness
    adaptation.
    For any given set of conditions, the current
    sensitivity level of the visual system is called
    the brightness adaptationLevel.

    The quantity I/I, where is I the increment of


    illumination and background illumination I
    is called the Weber ratio

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