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    Bio 2 Mur

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    yr44grf94k
    The document summarizes the human digestive system. It begins with an introduction to nutrients and digestion. It then describes the stages of digestion as ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, and absorption. It provides details on specific organs in the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It explains their roles in ingesting, storing, and breaking down food.

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    Bio 2 Mur

    Uploaded by

    yr44grf94k
    13 views18 pages
    The document summarizes the human digestive system. It begins with an introduction to nutrients and digestion. It then describes the stages of digestion as ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, and absorption. It provides details on specific organs in the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It explains their roles in ingesting, storing, and breaking down food.

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    bio2mur

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    The document summarizes the human digestive system. It begins with an introduction to nutrients and digestion. It then describes the stages of digestion as ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, and absorption. It provides details on specific organs in the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It explains their roles in ingesting, storing, and breaking down food.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views18 pages

    Bio 2 Mur

    Uploaded by

    yr44grf94k
    The document summarizes the human digestive system. It begins with an introduction to nutrients and digestion. It then describes the stages of digestion as ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, and absorption. It provides details on specific organs in the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It explains their roles in ingesting, storing, and breaking down food.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 18

    ‫‪Digestive‬‬

    ‫‪system‬‬
    ‫مقدم من قبل الطالب‬
    ‫حسن طعان محمد‬
    ‫عطاهلل جاسم‬
    ‫مرتضى منذر خلف‬
    ‫صقر عبدهللا صالح‬
    ‫محمد غازي سرحان‬
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    • Nutrients.
    • Substance obtained from
    food/water that organisms
    need to maintain health.
    •
    Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
    minerals, vitamins, water.
    •
    Energy & raw materials:
    synthesize biomolecules.
    Digestive System
    Introduction

    • calorie.
    • Amount of energy required to raise
    the temperatura of 1 gram of water by
    1°C.
    • Calorie = 1000 calories = 1kcal.

    • Metabolic rate: Speed at which


    lreactions that release energy occur.
    • 70 Cal per hour.
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    • Energy.
    • Carbohydrates.
    • Activation energy (quick).
    • Glycogen: 1° animal storage
    (polysacch).
    • Starch: Main plant storage
    (polysacch).
    • Lipids.
    • 2° energy storage
    • (long-term).
    • Proteins.
    3° energy storage
    (long-term).
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    • Essential nutrients.
    • Must be supplied in the diet.
    • We can not produce them.

    • Essential fatty acids.


    • Fish oil, soybean
    oil.
    • Essential amino acids.
    • Arginine, Glycine.

    • Minerals.
    • Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus.

    • Vitamins.
    • Water soluble: B, C.
    • Fat soluble: A, D, E.
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    Digestive System
    Introduction
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Digestion.
    • Physically grind food and chemically
    breaking
    it.

    • Digestive system:
    • Compartments in which food is
    processed +
    organs that produce secretions that
    aid the
    process.
    • We are like donuts.

    • Takes food in, breaks complex


    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Sponges.
    • Only animal that lacks a
    digestive system.
    • Intracellular digestion
    (within single cells).
    • Phagocytosis.
    • Food vacuole +
    Lysosomes.
    • All animals but sponges:
    extracelular digestion.
    • Hydra: gastrovascular
    • cavity.
    Single cavity.
    • Most animals have tubular digestive
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • 1. Ingestion.
    • Food is brought into the digestive tract
    (mouth).
    • 2. Mechanical digestion.
    • Food is physically broken down into
    smaller
    pieces (larger surface area for
    enzymes).
    • 3. Chemical digestion.
    Enzymes break down large molecules
    into
    smaller subunits.
    • 4. Absorption.
    • Small subunits are transported out of
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Digestive system: diet.
    • Carnivores: feed on animals.
    • Enlarged canines.
    • Herbivores: feed on plants.
    • Dental pad.
    • Omnivores: feed on both animals and plants.

    • Birds have no teeth: they grind food in their


    stomach.
    • Enzymes + Gizzard / Stones.

    • Small intestine length is


    correlated with diet.
    • Carnivores: shorter.
    • Herbivores: longer.
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Ruminants.
    • Multiple stomach chambers.
    • Rumen: enzymes, microorganisms
    (ferment).
    • Reticulum: “cud” regurgitated,
    chewed,
    swallow.
    • Omasum: water & salts
    • absortion. Abomasum: protein
    digestion.
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Human digestive system.

    • Mouth.
    • Teeth: chew.
    • Saliva: water+amylase (starch into
    disaccharides).
    Lubricate/First digestion.
    • Tongue: taste buds.
    • Mechanical processing.
    • Pharynx
    • . Epiglottis.
    • Esophagus.
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Esophagus: smooth muscle.
    • Peristalsis.
    • Conduction.

    • Stomach.
    • Sphincter.
    • Lower esophageal sphincter.
    • Pyloric sphincter.
    • Stores and gradually release food.
    • Contractions: mechanical digestion.
    • Gastric secretions: chemical digestion.
    • Hormone production: regulate gastric
    activity.
    Digestive System
    Digestion
    • Stomach: Gastric glands.
    • Mucus.
    • Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
    • Pepsinogen: pepsin.

    • Chyme.
    • Gastric secretions.
    • Partially digested food.

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