The

Pacific
Presented by : GROUP 6
OBJECTIVES
KEYS TO KNOWING THE PACIFIC

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND IN THE PACIFIC

A. The Sub-Regions of Australia
B . A u s t r a l i a ’s C h a n g i n g E c o n o m y
C. New Zealand Climate and Resources

THE PACIFIC IN TRANSITION

A. Islands of the Pacific
B. The Three Sub-Regions of the Pacific
C. Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific
Peoples
ANTARTICA, THE ICE CONTINENT
KEYS TO KNOWING
THE PACIFIC
Geography:

• The Pacific Islands are divided into three main regions:

• Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

• Melanesia: Includes islands like Papua New Guinea, Fiji,

Vanuatu, Solomon Islands.

• Micronesia: Comprises small island scattered across the

Western Pacific, including Palau, Micronesia, and Marshall
Islands.

• Polynesia: Encompasses Islands like Hawaii, Samoa, Tonga,

and New Zealand

• Polynesia:Encompasses islands like Hawaii, Samoa, Tonga,and

New Zealand.
Culture:
• Diverse cultures: Each island group has its
unique customs, languages, and traditions.

• Strong emphasis on oral traditions: Many

Pacific Island cultures have a rich history of
oral storytelling and traditional arts.
Languages:
• Linguistic diversity: There are numerous
languages spoken across the Pacific Islands,
often within small communities.

• English, French, and Spanish are commonly

used as second languages, depending on the
colonial history of the region.
Economy:
• Traditional subsistence economies: Many Pacific
Islanders rely on fishing, agriculture, and
traditional crafts for their livelihoods.

• Tourism is a significant economic driver for

several islands
Environmental Challenges:
• Vulnerability to climate change: Rising sea levels
and extreme weather events pose significant
threats to low-lying Pacific Islands.

• Biodiversity: Unique ecosystems and marine life

are found in the Pacific, but they are also
vulnerable to environmental changes.
AUSTRALIA AND
NEW ZEALAND IN
THE PACIFIC
 AUSTRALIA
Officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a
sovereign country comprising the mainland of
the Australian continent, the island of
Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Australia is the largest country by area in
Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country.
Australia is the oldest,flattest,and driest
inhabited continent,with the least fertile soils
.It is a megadiverse country, and its size gives
it a wide variety of landscapes and climates,
with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests
in the north-east, tropical savannas in the
north, and mountain ranges in the south-east.

• Capital: Canberra
• Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)
• Population: 25.0 million
 SUB-REGIONS OF AUSTRALIA

⚬ New South Wales (NSW)

⚬ Victoria (VIC)
⚬ Queensland (QLD)
⚬ South Australia (SA)
⚬ Western Australia (WA)
⚬ Tasmania ( TAS )
⚬ Australian Capital Territory
(ACT)
⚬ Northern Territory (NT)
SUB-REGIONS OF
AUSTRALIA AND
THEIR FAMOUS
LANDMARKS
 NEW SOUTH WALES

New South Wales is a state on

the east coast of :Australia. It
borders Queensland to the
north, Victoria to the south,
and South Australia to the
west. Its coast borders the
Coral and Tasman Seas to the
east.

Capital: Sydney
 Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House

is a multi-venue
performing arts centre in
Sydney, New South Wales
, Australia. Located on
the foreshore of
Sydney Harbour, it is
widely regarded as one of
the world's most famous
and distinctive buildings
and a masterpiece of
20th-century
architecture.
 Blue Mountains

The Blue Mountains is a

rugged region west of
Sydney in Australia’s New
South Wales. Known for
dramatic scenery, it
encompasses steep cliffs,
eucalyptus forests,
waterfalls and villages
dotted with guesthouses,
galleries and gardens.
Katoomba, a major town
in the area, borders Blue
Mountains National Park
and its bushwalking trails.
Echo Point affords views
of the storied Three
Sisters sandstone rock
formation.
 VICTORIA

Victoria is a state in
southeastern Australia. It is
the second-smallest state,
with a land area of 227,444
km2 ; the second-most-
populated state, with a
population of over 6.7
million; and the most
densely populated state in
Australia
Capital: Melbourne
 Aireys Inlet

Aireys Inlet is a small

coastal inlet and town
located on the
Great Ocean Road,
southwest of Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia.
Aireys Inlet is located
between Anglesea and
Lorne, and joined with
Fairhaven, Moggs Creek,
and Eastern View to the
west.
 Port Fairy

Port Fairy (historically

known as Belfast) is a
coastal town in south-
western Victoria, Australia
. It lies on the
Princes Highway in the
Shire of Moyne, 28
kilometres (17 mi) west of
Warrnambool and 290
kilometres (180 mi) west
of Melbourne, at the point
where the Moyne River
enters the Southern Ocean
.
 QUEENSLAND

Queensland is a state in
north-eastern Australia,
the second-largest and
third-most populous of the
Australian states.

Capital: City of Brisbane

 Wallaman Falls

The Wallaman Falls, a

cascade and horsetail waterfall
on the Stony Creek, is located in
the UNESCO World Heritage–
listed Wet Tropics in the locality
of Wallaman,
Shire of Hinchinbrook in the
northern region of Queensland,
Australia. The waterfall is notable
for its main drop of 268 metres
(879 ft), which makes it the
country's tallest single-drop
waterfall. The pool at the bottom
of the waterfall is 20 metres (66
ft) deep.An estimated 100,000
people visit the waterfall
annually.
 Spring Book National Park

The Springbrook National

Park is a protected
national park that is located
in the Gold Coast hinterland
of Queensland, Australia. The
6,197-hectare (15,310-acre)
park is situated on the
McPherson Range, near
Springbrook, approximately
100 kilometres (62 mi) south
of Brisbane. The park is part
of the Shield Volcano Group
of the UNESCO
World Heritage–listed
Gondwana Rainforests of Aus
tralia
.
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA

South Australia is a
state in the southern
central part of Australia.
It covers some of the
most arid parts of the
country.

Capital: Adelaide
 Bunda Cliffs

The Bunda Cliffs are

located between two of
Australia’s most
impressive natural
attractions: the Nullarbor
Plain and the Great
Australian Bight. The
limestone cliffs are a
naturally beautiful
landmark in one of
Australia’s most isolated
places. This guide reveals
just how you can visit the
magnificent Bunda Cliffs
yourself.
 Lake Mcdonell, Pink Lake- Eyre Peninsula

A one and a half-hour flight

from Perth, the gorgeous beach
town of Esperance in
Western Australia is within
reach to not just one, but
dozens of vibrant pink and
rainbow lakes – ranging from
pastel pink to sparkling orange
and deep, moody red. The best
time of year to marvel at the
rainbow is from June to
January, but you'll find
intriguing hues in the lakes'
waters all year-round. Take in
this epic spectacle from the
skies aboard a scenic flight
with Fly Esperance, where
you'll also get to witness the
crisp white sand and rich blue
coastline of Cape Le Grand
National Park from above.
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Western Australia is a state of

Australia occupying the western
third of the land area of
Australia, excluding external
territories.

Capital: Perth
 Pinnacles Desert

Pinnacles National Park is an

American national park protecting
a mountainous area located east of
the Salinas Valley in
Central California, about five miles
(8 km) east of Soledad and 80
miles (130 km) southeast of
San Jose. The park's namesakes
are the eroded leftovers of the
western half of an extinct volcano
that has moved 200 miles (320
km) from its original location on
the San Andreas Fault, embedded
in a portion of the California
Pacific Coast Ranges. Pinnacles is
managed by the
National Park Service and the
majority of the park is protected as
wilderness.
 Karijini National Park

Karijini National Park is an

Australian national park
centred in the
Hamersley Ranges of the
Pilbara region in the
northwestern section of
Western Australia. The
park is located north of the
Tropic of Capricorn, 1,055
kilometers (656 mi) from
the state's capital city,
Perth. Formerly known as
Hamersley Range National
Park, the park was
officially renamed in 1991.
 TASMANIA

Tasmania is an island state

of Australia. It is located
240 km to the south of the
Australian mainland,
separated from it by Bass
Strait

Capital: Hobart
 Port Davey Marine Reserve

Port Davey is an oceanic inlet

located in the south west region
of Tasmania, Australia.
Port Davey was named in honour
of Thomas Davey, a former
Governor of Tasmania. Port
Davey is contained within the
Port Davey/Bathurst Harbour
Marine Nature Reserve, the
Melaleuca to Birchs Inlet Import
ant Bird Area
and the Southwest National Park
, part of the
Tasmanian Wilderness
World Heritage Area.
 Cradle Mountain

​I conic Cradle Mountain is a

place of exceptional natural
beauty in the heart of the
Tasmanian Wilderness Wor
ld Heritage Area
(TWWHA). From moss-
covered ancient rainforests
and deep river gorges to
snow-covered mountain
peaks, wild alpine
moorlands and glacial
lakes, the park is revered
for its diverse and breath-
taking landscapes.
 AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

The Australian Capital

Territory, known as the
Federal Capital Territory until
1938, is a federal territory of
Australia. Canberra, the
capital city of Australia, is
situated within the territory

Capital : Canberra
 Parliament House

Parliament House, also

referred to as Capital Hill or
simply Parliament, is the
meeting place of the
Parliament of Australia, the
legislative body of
Australia's federal level of go
vernment
. Located in Canberra, the
Parliament building is
situated on the southern
apex of the
Parliamentary Triangle atop
Capital Hill, at the meeting
point of Commonwealth,
Adelaide, Canberra and
Kings Avenue enclosed by
the State Circle.
 National Gallery of Australia

The National Gallery of

Australia (NGA), formerly the
Australian National Gallery, is
the national art museum of
Australia as well as one of the
largest art museums in
Australia, holding more than
166,000 works of art. Located in
Canberra in the
Australian Capital Territory, it
was established in 1967 by the
Australian Government as a
national public art museum. As
of 2022 it is under the
directorship of Nick Mitzevich.
 NORTHERN TERRITORY

The Northern Territory is

an Australian territory in
the central and central
northern regions of
Australia

Capital: Darwin
 Field of Lights

The Field of Light is

a large-scale site-
specific light-based
installation created
by British artist
Bruce Munro. It has
been staged in many
different locations
around the world.
 Watarraka National ark

Watarrka National Park

is a protected area in the
Northern Territory of
Australia, which
contains the popular
Kings Canyon
(Watarrka).
The park is located about
1,316 km (818 mi) south
of Darwin and 323 km
(201 mi) southwest of
Alice Springs
 AUSTRALIA’S CHANGING
ECONOMY
Australia’s living standards are set to plunge over the next four decades as
Covid-incurred government debts, an ageing population, rising household
costs and a drop in workplaces productivity puts pressures on the system.
A new report released by the OECD this week looking into GDP rates up to
2060 didn’t have great news for Australia.
The global group predicted Australia to be at 1.4 per cent GDP growth a year
between 2018 and 2030 but that number plummeted to 0.9 per cent in its
most recent estimate.
And in the 30 years after that up to 2060, there was originally an optimistic
outlook of two per cent per year, which has moved down to 1.2 per cent.
NEW ZEALAND
CLIMATE AND
RESOURCES
 NEW ZEALAND

New Zealand is an island

country in the southwestern
Pacific Ocean. It consists of two
main landmasses—the North
Island and the South Island —
and over 700 smaller islands.

• Capital: Wellington
• Currency:NewZealand dollar
(NZD)
• Population: 4.8 million
New Zealand is a sovereign country found in
southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, and it is
made up of two main landmasses, the South Island,
and the North Island, and more than 600 other
smaller islands. The country lies about 1,200 miles
to the eastern part of Australia and about 600 miles
to the south of the Pacific islands such as Tonga,
Fiji, and New Caledonia.
OVERVIEW OF NEW ZEALAND'S
CLIMATE

New Zealand's climate is complex

and varies from warm subtropical
in the far north to cool temperate
climates in the far south, with
severe alpine conditions in the
mountainous areas.
 MAJOR RESOURCES

• Minerals
• Coal
• Gold
• Arable Land
THE PACIFIC
ISLAND
• It is an island geographic region of the PACIFIC
OCEAN
• It is comprises three Ethnogeographic groupings —
Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.
• The climate of the Pacific Islands is generally tropica,
with temparature, humidity, and rainfall relatively
uniform throughout the year.
3 ETHNOGRAPHIC
GROUPINGS IN THE
PACIFIC ISLANDS
1. Melanesia — located north and east of Australia and
south of the Equator.
2. Micronesia — North of the Equator and east of the
Philippines.
1. Polynesia — In the eastern Pacific, largely enclosed within a huge
triangle formed by the Hawaiian Island to the north, New Zealand to
the southwest, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui) far to the east, are the
many (“poly”) islands of Polynesia.
 2 MAJOR
PHYSIOGRAPHIC
REGIONS BY ISLAND TYPE:
1. Continental Type
2. Oceanic Type
 CONTINENTAL TYPE:
• are generally larger
• are faulted and folded in mountainous arcs
• have richer mineral-bearing soils than their oceanic counterparts

THE MARIANAS
Has 14 islets

The Anatahan
Island,
Northern of
Mariana Islands
KAZUKO HIGA
 New Guinea
• It has 600 Islands

FUN FACT:

The KOKODA Track in Papua

New Guinea
SOLOMON ISLANDS

• It has 6 major islands (Choisuel, Guadacanal,

Malaita, Makira, New Georgia and Santa Isabel)
• And approximately 992 small islands, atolls and
reefs

FUN FACT:

KARACHI, Vangunu Island

 FIJI

• It has 300 islands and more

than 500 islets.
• Robinson Crusoe Island,
Fijil They speak English,
Fijian and Fijian-Hindi

Fun fact:
• Cannibalism Is A Part Of
Fiji's History
NEW CALEDONIA

• It has more than 140 islands Main

islands are Grand Terre, Ouvea,
Tiga, Mare and Lifou

CAGOU or KAGU

Fun Fact:
Over 100 bird species
live in New Caledonia,
of which 24 are
endemic.
 NEW ZEALAND
It has over 600 islands

The Kiwi bird The HOBBITON

Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiw
henuakitanatahu, town in the east coast of new Zealand.
OCEANIC TYPE

• differentiated as high volcanic-

based islands, such as Hawaii, or
low coral islands and atolls, such as
the Marshalls
HAWAII

• 7 Hawaiian Islands
(Hawai ʻi, Maui,
Kaho ʻ olawe, Lāna ʻi,
Moloka ʻ i, O ʻahu, Kaua ʻi,
and Ni ʻihau.)
• Mauna Kea in Hawaii
• Mauna Kea is an inactive
volcano on the island of
Hawai ʻi. Its peak is
4,207.3 m above sea level,
making it the highest
point in the state of
Hawaii.
• lThe peak is about 38 m
higher than Mauna Loa.
Australia, New Zealand and
the
Pacific Peoples
PEOPLES IN AUSTRALIA
Ethnic Group
\
l Today the population of Australia consists of more than 270
ethnic groups.

l Nine-tenths of Australia’s population is of European

ancestry, one-fifth is foreign-born, and there is a small but
important (and growing) Aboriginal population.

l Among the larger non-European groups are New Zealanders

and Chinese.

l Among the larger non-European groups are New Zealanders

and Chinese.
 THE
CHINESE
l In the 1850s tens of thousands of Chinese people
arrived to provide a source of cheap labour as workers
in the goldfields.

l Chinese immigrants played an important role in the

early development of Australian agriculture.

l when Australia became a federation in 1901, one of

the first laws passed by the newly formed government
was the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, known
as the “White Australia” policy, was specifically
designed to end Asian migration to the country in
order to maintain a “white” population.
 THE
ITALIANS
• The first Italian community was
established in Victoria during the gold
rush of the 1850s.

• After World War II the Australian

migration schemes of the 1950s and
’60s brought large numbers of Italian
migrants to Australia.
ABORIGINAL
PEOPLES
• The persecution of and political indifference
shown toward a people failed to extinguish
their culture.
• From the 1970s and ’80s the drift of Aboriginal
people to the towns and cities transformed the old
patterns except in Northern Territory.
• The growth in the Aboriginal population has been
exceeded by the increase in the number of
Australians born in Vietnam, China, Hong Kong,
and the Philippines.
LANGUAGES
OF
AUSTRALIA
l Although English is not Australia’s official language, it
is effectively the de facto national language and is almost
universally spoken.

l there are hundreds of Aboriginal languages, though many

have become extinct since 1950, and most of the surviving
languages have very few speakers.

l Mabuiag, spoken in the western Torres Strait Islands, and

the Western Desert language

l The languages of immigrant groups in Australia are also

spoken, most notably Chinese, Italian, and Greek.
New Zealand Peoples
• Contemporary New Zealand has a majority of people of
European origin, a significant minority of Māori, and
smaller numbers of people from Pacific
islands and Asia.
• In the early 21st century, Asians were the fastest-
growing demographic group.
POLYNESIANS OR
THE MAORI
PEOPLE
• The first settlers were Polynesians who traveled
from somewhere in eastern Polynesia.

• by the time British naval captain James Cook visited

the country in 1769, the Māori population was not
much greater than 100,000

• By 1896 only about 42,000 Māori—a small

fraction of New Zealand’s total population at the
time—remained.

• By the early 21st century, Māori constituted about

one-sixth of New Zealand’s population, and that
proportion was expected to increase.
EUROPEAN
PEOPLES
• Europeans began to settle in New Zealand in the
1820s.

• By the late 1850s settlers outnumbered Māori,

and in 1900 there were some 772,000 Europeans,
most of whom were New Zealand-born.

• Since the 1950s there has been a

growing community of Pacific island peoples
from Samoa (formerly Western Samoa), the Cook
Islands, Niue, and Tokelau.

• Since the 1990s there has been a large growth

in migration from Asia.
LANGUAGES
IN NEW
ZEALAND
• New Zealand is predominantly an English-speaking
country, though English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign
Language are official languages.

• The Māori language (te reo Māori) is taught at a

number of schools.
PACIFIC
PEOPLES
• Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans or
rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the Pacific
Islands. As an Ethnic/racial term, it is used to
describe the original peoples—inhabitants and
diasporas—of any of the three major subregions of
Oceania (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia).

• The term Pasifika was first used in New

Zealand to designate the non-indigenous ethnic
groups arriving from other Pacific nations,
excluding New Zealand itself
ANTARCTICA
, THE ICE
CONTINENT
• Antarctica is the only continent with no permanent human habitation.

• The Antarctic is a cold, remote area in the Southern

Hemisphere encompassed by the Antarctic Convergence.

• Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area. (It is larger than
both Oceania and Europe.)

• There are no countries in Antarctica.

• Seven countries made defined claims to Antarctic territory prior to the

Antarctic Treaty of 1959. The treaty does not legally recognize any claims.
 PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY
• The Antarctic Ice Sheet dominates the region. It is the
largest single piece of ice on Earth.
• Ice sheet growth mainly occurs at the coastal ice
shelves, primarily the Ross Ice Shelf and the
Ronne Ice Shelf.
• Antarctica has a number of mountain summits, including the
Transantarctic Mountains, which divide the continent into
eastern and western regions.

• Lesser Antarctica, in fact, is part of the “Ring of Fire,” a

tectonically active area around the Pacific Ocean.
• Mount Erebus, located on Antarctica’s Ross
Island, is the southernmost active volcano on
Earth.
FLORA
AND
FAUNA
• Lichens, mosses, and terrestrial algae are among the
few species of vegetation that grow in Antarctica.
• Fish and a large variety of marine mammals thrive in
the cold Antarctic waters.
• The most familiar animal of Antarctica is
the penguin.
THANK YOU!!
MEMBERS:
Matullano, Shane
Labuyo, Aries
Binal, Yca