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    Eco - Chapter 6

    Uploaded by

    Apple Mae Balunan Andujar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Eco - Chapter 6

    Uploaded by

    Apple Mae Balunan Andujar
    13 views16 pages

    Original Title

    Eco.chapter 6

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views16 pages

    Eco - Chapter 6

    Uploaded by

    Apple Mae Balunan Andujar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    CHAPTER 6

    LIMITING FACTORS AND RANGES


    OF TOLERANCE
    Habitat

     A special place where every species in a


    community lives.
     Is the ecological or environmental area that is
    inhabited by a particular animal or plant
    species.
     The natural environment in which an organism
    lives, or
     The physical environment that surrounds
    (influences and is utilized by) a species
    population.
    Subdivisions of Habitats

     Terrestrial or land habitat

     Aquatic or water habitat


     Marine or salt water habitat
     Fresh water habitat
     Brackish or water in an estuary
    Microhabitat

     A physical location that is home to very small


    creatures, such as woodlice
    Ecological Niche

     An understanding of how an organism


    effectively survives and manages its
    immediate habitat.
     The operation of living communities
    necessitates study of the relationships among
    all organism.
     A term describing the relational position of a
    species or population in its ecosystem to each
    other.
     “niche” is derived from Middle French word
    nicher, meaning to nest.
     Coined by the naturalist Joseph Grinnell in
    1917.
     A short definition of niche is how an organism
    makes a living.
     Habitat is the organism’s address while niche
    is its profession.
    RELATED TERMS
    Fundamental Niche-

    the full range of environmental conditions


    (biological and physical) under which an
    organism can exist describes.
    Realized Niche

     Organisms occupy a niche that is narrower


    which they are mostly highly adapted as a
    result of pressure from superior competitors.
    Limiting Factors

     A factor that controls a process, such as


    organism growth or species population, size
    or distribution.
     Availability of food, predation pressure or
    availability of shelter.
    Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

     Also known as Liebig’s Law or the Lao of the


    Minimum.
     Developed in agricultural science by Carl
    Sprengel (1828) and later popularized by
    Justus von Liebig.
     It states that growth is controlled not by the
    total of resources available, but by the
    scarcest resource (limiting factor).
    Range of tolerance

     Organisms with narrow ranges of tolerance


    (prefix- steno)
     Organisms with broad ranges of tolerance
    (prefix- eury)
     Euryhydric- broad range of tolerance for soil
    moisture.
     Stenohydric- narrow range of tolerance for
    soil moisture.
    Shelfords Law of Tolerance

     A law proposed by V.E. Shelford in 1913.


     States that “the presence and success of a
    organism depend upon the extent to which a
    complex of conditions are satisfied. The
    absence or failure of an organism can be
    controlled by the qualitative or quantitative
    deficiency or excess or any one of several
    factors which may approach the limits of
    tolerance for that organism.”
    Subsidiary principles of
    Shelfords Law
     Organism may have a wide range of tolerance
    for one factor and a narrow range of
    tolerance for another.
     Organisms with wider range of tolerance for
    all factors are likely to be most widely
    distributed.
    Acclimation

     Also known as acclimatization.


     The process of an organism adjusting to
    change in its environment.
    Ecotypes

     Coined by Gote Turesson in 1922.


     Used to describe a genetically distinct
    geographic variety, population or race within
    species.
     Adapted to specific environmental conditions
    such as local selective pressure or physical
    isolation.

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