Lesson #1 - Electromagnetism

ELECTROMAGN
ETISM
PRE-ACTIVITY
BENEFITS OF
ELECTRICITY
INTRODUCTION
Electricity has a definite niche in modern
society. Simply put, our lives would not be
the same without it.
We travel, communicate, and compute
faster than ever before because of the
devices run by electricity.
WHAT IS
ELECTROMAGNETISM?
Electromagnetism is a branch of
Physics, that deals with the
electromagnetic force that occurs
between electrically charged
particles.
WHAT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC
FORCE?
The electromagnetic force is a
type of physical interaction that
occurs between electrically
charged particles.
ELECTROSTATIC
 Electrostatics is defined as the study of electricity at rest.
 Electrostatics states that like charges repel while opposite
charges attract (Law of Charges).
 Electric Charges: Positive charge (+) and Negative charge
(-)
ELECTRIC CHARGES
Electric charges are more easily moved in
some materials. This characteristic led to
the classification of materials into two
groups:
CONDUCTOR INSULATOR
CONDUCTOR VS
INSULATOR
QUANTIZATION OF
CHARGES
q = (n)(e)
q = total charge (C)
n = number of charges (unitless)
e = charge of electron (1.60x10-19C)
NOTE: e is always constant
HOW TO COMPUTE THE
QUANTIZATION OF
CHARGES?
q = (n)(e)
n e
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Find the number of electrons to make a
charge of 1-C.
FINAL ANSWER: 6.25x1018

SAMPLE PROBLEM
How many electrons must be removed from
an electrically neutral silver dollar to give it a
charge of 3.8x10-6C?
FINAL ANSWER: 2.38x10 13

ELECTRIC/ELECTRICAL
FORCE
The electrical force is a push or pull exerted upon an
object as a result of an interaction between electrical
charges.
Electrical force is a vector quantity.
ELECTRIC/ELECTRICAL
FORCE
The electric force acts between all charged
particles, whether or not they're moving.
This means that every charged particle
gives off an electric field, whether or not
it's moving.
TRIVIA: The magnetic force acts ONLY
between moving charged particles.
COULOMB’S LAW
Coulomb’s Law shows the magnitude of the electric
force or it quantifies the amount of electric force
between two charges.
This law states that the force of attraction or
repulsion between two small charged bodies is
directly proportional to the product of the two
charges and inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between them.
COULOMB’S LAW
In symbols, Coulombs’ Law is expressed as:
F = magnitude of the force (N)

k = Coulombs’ Force constant (9x109 N.m2/C2)
q1= charge one (C)
q2 = charge two (C)
d = distance in meters separating 2 charges (m)
SAMPLE WORD PROBLEM
Calculate the force between charges of
5.0 x 10 -C and 1.0 x 10 -C if they are
8 7
5.0-m apart.
FINAL ANSWER: 1.8x10 N 24

SAMPLE WORD PROBLEM
What is the magnitude and direction of the
force on a charge of 4x10 -C that is 5-cm
-9
from a charge of 5x10 -C?

-8
FINAL ANSWER:
Force: 7.2x10-4-N
Direction: the force is directed AWAY from the charge
SAMPLE WORD PROBLEM
Two balloons with charges of 3.37 x 10-6
C and -8.21 x 10 C attract each other
-6
with a force of -0.0626-N. Determine the

separation distance between the two
balloons.
FINAL ANSWER: 1.99-m
ACTIVITY
Answer this problem on a ½ sheet of yellow
paper.
Problem: A test charge of 1x10-6-C is placed half
way between a charge of 5x10-6-C and a charge of
3x10-6-C that are 0.20-m apart. Find the magnitude
and direction of the force on the test charge. Solve
for the net force and where will net force of q be
directed, to the left or to the right?
ELECTRIC FIELD
 An electric field is the
physical field that surrounds
electrically charged particles
and exerts force on all other
charged particles in the field,
either attracting or repelling
them.
 Electric field is defined in
terms of the force acting on
the charge in the field.
ELECTRIC FIELD
E = electric field (N/C)
k = Coulombs’ Force constant (9x10 N.m /C )
9 2 2
q = charge (C)
r = radius (m)
ELECTRIC FIELD
F = magnitude of Force (N)
q = charge (C)
SAMPLE WORD PROBLEM
A force of 5-N is acting on the charge
6×10−6 C at any point. Determine the
electric field intensity at that point.
FINAL ANSWER: E = 8.33 × 105 N/C

SAMPLE WORD PROBLEM
Calculate the electric field strength at a
point 30-cm from a charge of 4x10-9-C.
FINAL ANSWER: 400-N/C

ELECTRIC FLUX
Electric flux is the number
of electric field lines passing
through a certain area.
ELECTRIC FLUX
ELECTRIC FLUX
Φ = E A cos ϴ
Φ = electric flux (N.m2/C)
A = area (m2),
ϴ = angle between electric field line with the
normal line.
NOTE: AREA OF A SPHERE
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A uniform electric field E = 5,000 N/C
passing through a flat square area A = 2
m . Determine the electric flux if the angle
2
is 60O.
FINAL ANSWER: 5, 000-N.m /C 2

SAMPLE PROBLEM
An electric field which has a magnitude of
3,500-N/C passed through a surface of sphere
which has a radius of 6-m. Calculate the amount
of electric flux if the angle is perpendicular.
FINAL ANSWER: 0-N.m2/C

GAUSS LAW
The total of the electric flux out of
a closed surface is equal to
the charge enclosed divided by
the permittivity.
GAUSS LAW
SAMPLE PROBLEM
There are three charges q1, q2, and q3
having charge 6-C, 5-C and 3-C enclosed in
a surface. Find the total flux enclosed by the
surface.
FINAL ANSWER: 1.58x10 Nm /C. 12 2

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
Electric potential also known as potential
difference (voltage) is primary important
in the concept of energy transfers.
It is the amount of work needed to move a
unit charge from a reference point to a
specific point against an electric field.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
V = electric potential difference (V)

W = work done (J)
q = charge (C)
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
V q
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
V = electric potential difference (V or J/C)

U = Energy (J)
q = charge (C)
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
V q
SAMPLE PROBLEM
How much work is required to
move a single electron through a
potential difference of 100-V?
FINAL ANSWER: 1.6x10 J -17
SAMPLE PROBLEM
You have a 12.0-V motorcycle battery
that can move 5000 C of charge, and a
12.0-V car battery that can move 60,000
C of charge. How much energy does
each deliver?
Motorcycle battery = 60,000-J
Car battery = 720,000-J
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
V = electric potential difference (V)

k = 9x109 (N.m2/C2)
q = charge (C)
r = radius (m)
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A demonstration Van de Graaff
generator has a 25-cm diameter metal
sphere that produces a voltage of
100x103-V near its surface. What excess
charge resides on the sphere?
Final Answer: 1.39x10-6 C

Lesson #1 - Electromagnetism

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ELECTROMAGN

FINAL ANSWER: 6.25x1018

FINAL ANSWER: 2.38x10 13

F = magnitude of the force (N)

FINAL ANSWER: 1.8x10 N 24

from a charge of 5x10 -C?

with a force of -0.0626-N. Determine the

FINAL ANSWER: E = 8.33 × 105 N/C

FINAL ANSWER: 400-N/C

FINAL ANSWER: 5, 000-N.m /C 2

FINAL ANSWER: 0-N.m2/C

FINAL ANSWER: 1.58x10 Nm /C. 12 2

V = electric potential difference (V)

V = electric potential difference (V or J/C)

V = electric potential difference (V)

Final Answer: 1.39x10-6 C

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