CARGO SECUREMENT

TRAINING

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 OVERVIEW

Questions Answers
What is cargo securement A set of a guild line to
Training? ensure we meet the Load
Securing Strandrads
Who need to take the cargo Anyone who transports
securement Training ? products
When the cargo securement Anytime we transport
rules apply ? products
How do I apply the cargo Follow the guidelines
securement rules? contained in this training
Why do I need to follow the The main objective is safety
Cargo Securement rules? for you and the public.
Where do the Cargo Anywhere Internationally
Securement rules apply?

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 INTRODUCTION

Drivers who transport loads to and from

worksites and between field offices
need to ensure that the loads are
secured properly. In order to ensure
driver and public safety, it is essential
that all drivers follow proper cargo
securement procedures. These
procedures are based on the National
Load Securing Standard Standard.

Load Securing includes the following:

• Vehicle loading and unloading
requirements
• Load securement requirements
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 Which vehicles need to apply the Cargo Securement
standard?

The National Cargo Securement Standard includes a

cargo securement standard that applies to any vehicle
or combination of vehicles that:

• Transports cargo on a highway

• Exceeds a registered gross vehicle weight of 4,500
kilograms

Although the National Cargo Securement Standard

does not apply to vehicles registered for less than 4,500
kg, it is the best that all employees and drivers have to
follow cargo securement criteria, even when operating
vehicles registered under 4,500 kg.
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 How do I load/unload a vehicle safely?

All employees must assess hazards when loading/unloading a

vehicle. As environmental conditions change (i.e., adverse
weather conditions, low levels of lighting, uneven terrain, ice,
snow and rain), the level of risk increases when handling and
transporting equipment.
Basic Safe Operating Guidelines
All employees must follow basic safe operating guidelines:
• No worker must walk on top of unsecured equipment.
• No worker must pass between an unsecured load and moving
or stationary object
• All workers must remain visible to the operator of the forklift,
crane, etc. at all times
• Jumping off of loads or equipment is not permitted
• Use tag lines to control suspended loads
• Never position yourself under a suspended load
• When load winching operations are in progress, always stay
clear of the loading area where a cable or winch line could
strike you if it were to break. www.safeness.com
 Basic Safe Operating Guidelines

With respect to the load itself, drivers must ensure the

following:
• Do not load a vehicle heavier than the Gross Vehicle Weight
Rating for the unit as specified by the manufacturer.
Additionally, do not load a vehicle beyond its registered
vehicle weight and axle or axle group ratings. In some
instances, permits may be obtained for non-divisible loads. If
a permit is obtained, you must comply with all conditions
specified on the permit.
• Secure or fasten all objects or equipment to the bed or box
of a vehicle before moving the unit. Use approved chains,
• Loose and/or heavy items or materials are not to be carried
locks, straps, cables, or equipment racks to secure loads.
in the passenger compartments of any vehicle.
• Never carry hazardous products such as ether in the cab of a
vehicle.
• Store all fuel containers outside of the cab of the vehicle.
• Transport flammable products in approved, labeled, and
secured containers. www.safeness.com
• When loading equipment in pickup trucks, keep the center of gravity as low as possible. The
load should be positioned in the center/front of the truck bed, and properly secured.

• Before starting to load, the driver and all personnel involved must review the task at hand. They
must identify the quantity of the load, the manner in which it is to be loaded and identify any
existing conditions that may affect the safety of personnel involved. Conduct formal and or
informal hazard assessments based on associated hazards.
• Ensure that all personnel have, and are using, all required personal protective clothing and
equipment. Any person without appropriate personal protective equipment must not be
allowed in the loading area.
• Personnel involved in loading must properly access and egress work areas.
• Ensure that all equipment and components used in the loading procedure are in good condition
and in proper working order.
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 • Position the trailer on a flat surface in the best possible position for loading.
Do not position the vehicle/trailer near overhead power lines.
• Balance the load in order to meet regulatory requirements and to ensure
stability/safety during transport. Ensure the type of load and its positioning
matches the configuration of the vehicle/trailer being used.
• Taking into consideration the type and placement of the load in relation to
the vehicle configuration, the driver must determine whether blocking and/or
bracing is required to assist in stabilizing the load.
• Determine if the load require deck pins, corner boards, bullpen, tarp, etc.
• Secure the load with the recommended tie down(s) using the appropriate
method.
• Perform a vehicle inspection.

Cargo transported by a vehicle must be contained,

immobilized or secured so that it cannot:
• Leak, spill, blow off, fall from, fall through or
otherwise be dislodged from the vehicle
• Shift upon or within the vehicle to such an extent
that the vehicle’s stability or maneuverability is
adversely affected.
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 How often do I need to inspect a loaded vehicle?

The driver of a vehicle must conduct the following inspections:

• Before driving the vehicle:
 Inspect the vehicle to confirm that the vehicle’s tailgate,
tailboard, doors, tarpaulins and spare tire, and other
equipment used in its operation, are secured
 Ensure that the cargo does not interfere with the driver’s
ability to drive the vehicle safely
 Ensure that the cargo does not interfere with the free exit of
a person from the cab or driver’s compartment of the
vehicle
 Inspect the vehicle’s cargo and cargo securement system
and make necessary adjustments

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 How often do I need to inspect a loaded vehicle?

• Within the first 80 kilometers of driving:

 Inspect the vehicle’s cargo and cargo securement system
and make necessary adjustments

 Re-inspections at change of duty status of the driver, 3

hours of driving, or 240 kilometers (whichever occurs first)
 Re-inspect the vehicle’s cargo and the cargo securement
system and make necessary adjustments
 Add more securing devices if necessary

These inspections do not apply to a driver where:

• The cargo is sealed in a vehicle and the driver has been
ordered not to open it to inspect the cargo
• The vehicle is loaded in a manner that makes the cargo, or
portions of the cargo, inaccessible

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 What is a cargo securement system?

Cargo securement systems and each component of a system, used to contain, immobilize
or secure cargo on or within the vehicle must be strong enough to withstand the forces
described below.

The components of the cargo securement system of a vehicle must:

• Be in proper working order
• Be fit for the purpose for which they are used
• Have no knots, damaged or weakened components that will adversely affect their
performance for cargo securement purposes
• Not have any cracks or cuts
A securing device or integral locking device used to secure cargo to a vehicle must be
secured in a manner that prevents it from becoming unfastened while the vehicle is on a
highway.

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 What is a cargo securement system?

Exemption
The cargo securement system requirements do not apply to the transportation of a commodity that is transported in
bulk, lacks structure, fixed shape or is fluid, and is transported in:
• A tank, hopper, box or container that is manufactured as part of the vehicle in which it is transported
• A vehicle that is specifically manufactured to transport the commodity

Performance Criteria
The cargo securement system must be capable of withstanding the forces that result if the vehicle is subjected to each of the
following accelerations:
• 0.8 g deceleration in a forward direction
• 0.5 g deceleration in a rearward direction
• 0.5 g acceleration in either sideways direction
When a vehicle is traveling down a highway, the cargo is subject to forces that may cause the cargo to fall from the vehicle.
The cargo securement system secures the cargo to withstand those forces. The cargo securement system secures the cargo
to standard performance criteria.

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The cargo securement system must provide a downward force
equal to at least 20% of the weight of an article of cargo if the
article is not fully contained within the structure of the vehicle.

The load on a component of a cargo securement system that

reacts to a force must not exceed the working load limit of the
component.
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 What is a cargo securement system?
Securing Devices
The cargo securement system used to contain, immobilize or restrain cargo must be appropriate
for the size, shape, strength and characteristics of the cargo.

Cargo must be firmly immobilized or secured on or within a vehicle by structures of adequate

strength, blocking, bracing, dunnage or dunnage bags, shoring bars, tie downs or a combination
of these.

The securing devices used to secure cargo on or within a vehicle must be:
• Designed and constructed for the purpose for which they are used
• Used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions

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 What is a cargo securement system?
Minimum Strength of Cargo Securement System
The “aggregate working load limit” is the sum of one-half of the working load limit for each end section of a
tie down that is attached to an anchor point.

The aggregate working load limit of the cargo securement system used to secure an article of cargo on or
within a vehicle must not be less than 50% of the weight of the article or group.

Working Load Limit of securement tie downs must be

50% of the weight of the cargo

If this loaded skid weighs 10,000 kilograms, you must

use a working load limit of 50% of its weight which is
5,000 kilograms worth of tie down strength to prevent
this machine from moving.
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 What is a cargo securement system?
Securing Devices Marked With Working Load Limit

The working load limit of a tie down or a component of a tie

down is marked on the tie down by its manufacturer.

The working load limit of a chain marked by the manufacturer

in accordance with the table of Working Load Limits has a
working load limit equal to the amount shown for the grade
and size.

On and after January 1, 2010, a person must not use a tie

down or a component of a tie down to secure cargo to a
vehicle unless it is marked by the manufacturer with its
working load limit.

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 What is a cargo securement system?
Unmarked Securing Devices
• No unmarked securing devices must be used by employee, or must be used by any contractor. In other words,
employees cannot use any securing devices to secure cargo to a vehicle unless they are marked by the manufacturer
with a working load limit.
• Bungee cords must not be used to secure anything on a load. The only time a bungee cord may be used is as a
secondary means to attachment to prevent rattling etc.
However,
• Chain has a working load limit equal to that of the same size of Grade 3 Proof Coil.
• Synthetic webbing that is not marked by its manufacturer has the working load limit based on its width.
• Wire rope has the working load limit based on its diameter.
• Manila rope has the working load limit based on its diameter
Polypropylene fiber rope, polyester fiber rope, nylon rope and double braided nylon rope has the working load limit
based on its diameter.
• Synthetic cordage that is not marked or labeled to identify its composition has the working load limit based on its
diameter.
• Steel strapping has the working load limit based on its width.
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 What is a cargo securement system?
Unmarked Securing Devices
• A friction mat which is not marked by the manufacturer with a working load limit is assumed to provide resistance to
horizontal movement equal to 50% of the weight of the cargo resting on the mat.
• A tie down or a component of a tie down that is not referred to has a working load limit equal to the working load limit of
the lowest grade or classification
• Steel strapping that is 2.54 centimeters wide or wider used to secure cargo to a vehicle must have at least 2 pairs of
crimps in each seal. An end-over-end lap joint formed in steel strapping used to secure cargo to a vehicle must be sealed
with at least 2 seals.
Blocking Systems to Prevent Forward Movement

The aggregate working load limit of the components of a

blocking system used as a unique form of securement to
prevent an article of cargo from moving forward, including
tie downs used as blocking, must not be less than 50% of the
weight of the article being blocked.

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 Rub rails
The securing devices used on or within a vehicle Placement of Articles of Cargo
must, wherever practical, be located inboard the rub Where the articles of cargo on or within a vehicle are placed
rails where the vehicle has rub rails. beside each other and secured by tie downs that pass over 2 or
Timber more articles, the articles must be:
Timber used on or within a vehicle as dunnage, • Placed in direct contact with each other
chocks or cradles or for blocking or bracing must be • Prevented from moving towards each other while the vehicle
strong enough that it will not be split or crushed by is on a highway
the cargo or the tied downs.

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 What is a cargo securement system?
Blocking Systems to Prevent Forward Movement

Prevention of Rolling
Where any cargo or portion thereof may roll, it must be restrained by chocks,
wedges, a cradle or another securing device that prevents the cargo from Edge protectors
rolling. An edge protector must be used where
a tie down would be subject to abrasion
Tie downs or cutting at the point where it touches
Tension A tie down used to secure cargo to a vehicle must be designed, an article of cargo.
constructed and maintained so that the driver of the vehicle can tighten it.
An edge protector used between a tie
The driver of a vehicle must ensure that tied downs are taut while the vehicle down and cargo must be resistant to
is on a highway. abrasion, cuts and crushing.

A tie down used to secure cargo to a vehicle must be used in a manner that An edge protector used between a tie
prevents the tie down from slipping, loosening, unfastening, opening or down and cargo must allow the tie
releasing while the vehicle is on a highway. down to slide freely when it is tightened
or loosened.
A tie down used to secure stacked articles of cargo is considered to
contribute to the securement of all articles of cargo on which that tie down
causes pressure. www.safeness.com
 Working Load Limit

The working load limit of a tie down, associated connector or

attachment mechanism is the lesser of:
• The lowest working load limit of the components
• The lowest working load limit of the anchor points or
associated connector or attachment mechanism to which the
tie down is attached.
The working load limit of a tie down that includes synthetic
webbing is the least of:
• The working load limit of the synthetic webbing assembly, or
• The lowest working load limit of the components, or
• The working load limit of the anchor point to which the tie
down is attached.

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 Minimum number
Cargo transported by a vehicle must be secured using the
proper number of tie downs

Where an article of cargo is not blocked or immobilized by a

front end structure, bulkhead, by other immobilized cargo or by
another device that prevents it moving forward, it must be
secured by at least:
• 1 tie down where the article is 1.52 meters or shorter and
weighs not more than 500 kilograms,

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 Minimum number

• 2 tie downs where the article is:

 1.52 meters or shorter and weighs more than 500 kilograms,
or
 longer than 1.52 meters but not longer than 3.04 meters
regardless of its weight, or

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 Minimum number

• Where the article is longer than 3.04 meters

 2 tie downs for the first 3.04 meters of length, and
 1 extra tie down for each additional 3.04 meters or fraction
of 3.04 meters.

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 Minimum number

• Where an article of cargo is blocked or immobilized by a front end structure,

bulkhead, by other immobilized cargo or by another device to prevent it
moving forward, it must be secured by at least:
 1 tie down where the article is not longer than 3.04 meters
• Where the article is longer than 3.04 meters
 1 tie down for the first 3.04 meters of length
 1 extra tie down for each additional 3.04 meters or fraction of 3.04 meters

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 Minimum number

Where a vehicle is transporting machinery or fabricated structural items

that must be secured by special methods because of their design, size,
shape or weight, the special methods must:
• Secure adequately any article of the cargo
• Be properly used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

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 Front End Structures Application
This applies to a vehicle transporting cargo that is in contact with the front-
end structure of the vehicle. Where devices are used on a vehicle that
perform the same function as the front end structure of a vehicle, the
devices must be at least as strong as and provide the same protection as a
front end structure that complies with this Division.

A cab shield is not a front end structure or part of a cargo securement

system.

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 Height and Width

The height of the front end structure of the vehicle must not be
shorter than the shorter of:
• The height at which it prevents the cargo from moving
forward
• 122 centimeters above the deck.

The width of the front end structure of a vehicle must not be

narrower than the narrower of:
• The width of the vehicle
• The width at which it prevents the cargo being transported
from moving forward.

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 Strength

The front end structure of a vehicle must be able to withstand a

horizontal forward static load equal to 50% of the total weight of the
cargo where:
• The height of the front end structure is shorter than 1.83 meters
• The cargo is uniformly distributed over all of the front end structure

The front end structure of a vehicle must be able to withstand a

horizontal forward static load equal to 40% of the total weight of the
cargo where:
• The height of the front end structure is 1.83 meters. or higher
• The cargo is uniformly distributed over all of the front end structure

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 Penetration Resistance

The front-end structure of the vehicle must be able to resist

penetration by an article of cargo that contacts it when the
vehicle decelerates at a rate of 6.1 meters per second.

The front-end structure of the vehicle must not have an

opening or gap that is big enough to permit an article of cargo
to pass through it.

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DEFAULT WORKING LOAD LIMITS

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DEFAULT WORKING LOAD LIMITS

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DEFAULT WORKING LOAD LIMITS

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 Load Binders

Where the working load limit of a load binder cannot be

determined, the lowest value for the same size and type of
binder shown in the following charts will apply

Standard Load Binder & Ratchet Load Binder

Size Working Load Limit

Inches MM LBS KG
3/8 10 2650 1200
1/2 13 4500 2040
5/8 16 6900 3130

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 Instructions - Ratchet Load Binders

Ratchet load binders are the preferred method of securing

loads when using chains. Additionally, ratchet load binders
reduce the risk of injury during operation of the binder.
• Position ratchet binder so it can be operated from the ground
• Make sure your footing is secure

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 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders
• Hook the load binder to chain so you can operate it while
standing on the ground. Position the load binder so its handle
can be pulled downward to tighten chain. Be aware of ice,
snow, rain, oil, etc., that can affect your footing. Make certain
your footing is secure

• During and after tightening the chain, check the load binder
handle position. Be sure it is in the locked position and that its
bottom side touches the chain link

• Chain tension may decrease due to load shifting during

transport. To be sure the load binder remains in proper
position; secure the handle to the chain by wrapping the loose
end of chain around the handle and then tighten the chain, or
tie the handle to the chain with soft wire

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 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders

When releasing the load binder, remember there is a great deal of energy in the stretched
chain. This will cause the load binder handle to move very quickly with great force when it
is unlatched. Move the handle with caution, it may whip. Keep your body clear

• Never use a cheater pipe or handle extender to release the handle. Use a steel bar and
pry under the handle and stay out of the path of handle as it moves upward
• If you release the handle by hand, use an open hand under the handle and push upward.
Do not put yourself in the path of the moving handle

Mechanical Advantage: Lever Type Binder = 25:1 Ratchet Type Binder= 50:1

Example 100 pounds of effort applied to the binder results in the following force on the
binder:
• Lever Type: 2500 (100lbs x 25 lbs) of force
• Ratchet Type: 5000 (100 lbs x 50 lbs) of force

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 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders
Maintenance of Load Binders

Routinely check load binders for wear, bending, cracks, nicks or

gouges. If bending or cracks are present, do not use the load
binder Routinely lubricate pivot and swivel points of Lever
Binders and the pawl part and screw threads of Ratchet Binders
to extend product life and reduce friction wear

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 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders
Securing Conditions

If a load comprises of a number of separate articles, additional tie

downs must be utilized to ensure each article is secured by:
• Direct contact
• Dunnage that is secured by the tie downs (including top most
load) in a manner that safely holds interior pieces of the load
without causing exterior pieces to crush or break up
• Corner boards that meet and exceed the above requirements. A
tarp can also facilitate the requirements in a light application.
Gut Wrap (Tiered Articles)

Many commodities carried by flat deck trailers are commonly

arranged in lifts, layers or tiers. Load security regulations
simply states:
• The top tier must be secured by the necessary number of tie
downs as determined by the load length.
• The contents of other tiers must be secured in a safe manner

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 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders
Belly Wrap

Loading of any article, which requires additional restraints to

enable the article or articles to be held to the trailer as one. A
belly wrap(s) may be necessary to achieve this function. A belly
wrap correctly executed will only be rated the weight load limit
of the one tie down.
Cross Chain
Machinery, skidded articles and one piece articles may require
cross chaining to ensuring nonmovement of that article while
the loaded vehicle is in motion. Cross chains must be secured
to each corner of the article, then pulling down to the closest
anchor point opposite to the article anchor point. Correctly
executed, the cross chain will create opposing forces and
secure the article as one to the vehicle. Any twists, knots or
portions of the article interfering with direct travel of the tie
down will be cause to have the tie down rated at the lowest
weight load limit.

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 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders
Tarps
There are two basic reasons for covering loads:
• To protect the environment, public and other operations from
a spilled or lost load. Spill protection is a safety requirement in
many Provinces
• To protect the load from the weather
In cases where tie downs or sideboards are not effective methods for securing a load, a cover or tarp must also be used to
ensure the load does not escape from the vehicle.

Load security regulations require the use of a cover to secure the load if both of the following conditions exist:
• The load is comprised of an aggregate material. Aggregate material meaning any collection of small articles, and;
• The load is likely to bounce, blow or drop from the vehicle while in transit. If both conditions exist, then a cover is
required.
Note! To ensure adequate weather protection it may be necessary to use plastic sheeting under the tarp.

A person must not use a vehicle to transport goods unless:

• the vehicle is constructed to carry the goods
• there is equipment on the vehicle or attached to the vehicle that is capable of securing the goods to ensure that the
vehicle can be operated safely when loaded and without danger of www.safeness.com
 Instructions - Lever Type Load Binders
Tarps

• turning over the vehicle

• the load shifting, swaying, blowing off, falling off, leaking or otherwise escaping.

A person must not operate a vehicle that is transporting goods unless the equipment
referred to in is properly used to secure the goods.

The equipment referred to above may be permanently attached to the vehicle or

temporarily attached to the vehicle for the purpose of transporting a particular load of
goods.

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THANK YOU
+216 99 647 444

CONTACT@SAFENESS.COM.TN

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