CONFoRMITY AND DEVIANCE

Conformity and
deviance
 Conformity
Is an act of submitting oneself to the norms and
conventions of the society.

Involves accepting both the cultural goal of success and

the use legitimate means for achieving that goal.
 deviance
Is a behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristics that violates a norm and causes
a negative reaction.

The definition of deviance varies widely across cultures, time, and situation

-everyone violates norms

- ‘significant’ is the key word; deviants are significantly in violation of norms
Social Control
 Social Control
Is a concept referring to rules and restrictions that shape, supervise, and regulate
the behaviors of individuals and societies.
-It is the process whereby society seeks to ensure conformity to the dominant
values and norms in that society.
-Social control can be either informal, as in the exercise of control through
customs, norms, and expectations, or formal, as in the exercise of control through
laws or other official regulations.
 There are two main types of social control:

Formal Social Control

- Formal social control refers to the mechanisms and institutions
established by society to enforce conformity to social norms and values
through laws, regulations, and official sanctions. It is a system of
control that is backed by legitimate authority and enforced by
government agencies and institutions.
 There are two main types of social control:

Formal Social Control

- Examples of formal social control include laws, the judicial system,
police and law enforcement, correctional facilities, and regulatory
agencies.
 There are two main types of social control:

Informal Social Control

- Informal social control refers to the unwritten rules, norms, and expectations
that guide and influence behavior in a society. It is maintained through
socialization, interpersonal relationships, and community interactions.
- Examples of informal social control include social norms, customs, peer
pressure, public opinion, reputation, and informal sanctions.
FORMS OF DEVIANCE
 Forms of deviance

Is a concept referring to rules and restrictions that shape, supervise, and

regulate the behaviors of individuals and societies.
-It is the process whereby society seeks to ensure conformity to the dominant
values and norms in that society.
 Forms of deviance

-Social control can be either informal, as in the exercise of control through

customs, norms, and expectations, or formal, as in the exercise of control
through laws or other official regulations.
 Forms of deviance refer to behaviors, actions, or attributes that violate social norms, expectations,
or standards within a particular society or group. These deviations from the norm can take various
forms, including:

1. Informal Deviance: Everyday behaviors that go against social norms but are not
necessarily illegal, such as cutting in line or dressing unconventionally.

2. Formal Deviance: Actions that violate laws or formal rules, leading to legal
consequences, such as theft, vandalism, or assault.

3. Primary Deviance: Initial acts of deviance that may not have a significant impact
on a person's self-concept or social identity.
 Forms of deviance refer to behaviors, actions, or attributes that violate social norms, expectations,
or standards within a particular society or group. These deviations from the norm can take various
forms, including:

4. Secondary Deviance: Deviant behavior that occurs in response to societal

reactions to primary deviance, leading individuals to adopt deviant identities or
roles.

5. Positive Deviance: Behaviors that exceed societal norms in a positive way,

challenging conventional expectations and leading to beneficial outcomes, such as
acts of heroism or innovation.
 Forms of deviance refer to behaviors, actions, or attributes that violate social norms, expectations,
or standards within a particular society or group. These deviations from the norm can take various
forms, including:

6. Negative Deviance: Behaviors that fall below societal norms, resulting in harmfu
or destructive consequences for individuals or society, such as criminal activities or
substance abuse.
 example
Consider a teenager named Alex who is caught shoplifting from a local convenience store:
1. Informal Deviance: Before Alex was caught, they often engaged in minor forms of
deviance, such as skipping school occasionally or staying out past curfew. These
behaviors were not illegal but were considered socially unacceptable by their parents
and teachers.
2. Formal Deviance: Shoplifting is a form of formal deviance because it violates the law.
Once caught, Alex faces legal consequences such as being arrested, fined, or even
sentenced to community service or juvenile detention.
example

3. Primary Deviance: The first time Alex shoplifted, it may have

been an impulsive decision without much thought about the
consequences. At this stage, it's considered primary deviance
because it's an isolated incident and doesn't necessarily define
Alex's identity.
 example

Consider a teenager named Alex who is caught shoplifting from a local convenience store:

4. Secondary Deviance: However, after being caught and labeled as a "shoplifter" by society, Alex might start to
internalize this identity and associate with others who engage in similar behavior. This could lead to a pattern of
secondary deviance, where Alex continues to shoplift as a way of fulfilling the deviant label placed upon them.
5. Positive Deviance: In contrast to shoplifting, positive deviance for Alex could involve volunteering at a local
homeless shelter or starting a community garden project to provide fresh produce to low-income families. These actions
exceed societal norms in a positive way and contribute to the well-being of others.
6. Negative Deviance: On the other hand, negative deviance for Alex might involve engaging in substance abuse
as a way of coping with the stress and stigma associated with being caught shoplifting. This behavior falls below
societal norms and can have harmful consequences for Alex's health and well-being.
 example

Consider a teenager named Alex who is caught shoplifting from a local convenience store:

4. Secondary Deviance: However, after being caught and labeled as a "shoplifter" by society, Alex might start to
internalize this identity and associate with others who engage in similar behavior. This could lead to a pattern of
secondary deviance, where Alex continues to shoplift as a way of fulfilling the deviant label placed upon them.
5. Positive Deviance: In contrast to shoplifting, positive deviance for Alex could involve volunteering at a local
homeless shelter or starting a community garden project to provide fresh produce to low-income families. These actions
exceed societal norms in a positive way and contribute to the well-being of others.
6. Negative Deviance: On the other hand, negative deviance for Alex might involve engaging in substance abuse
as a way of coping with the stress and stigma associated with being caught shoplifting. This behavior falls below
societal norms and can have harmful consequences for Alex's health and well-being.
 example
4. Secondary Deviance: However, after being caught and labeled as a "shoplifter" by
society, Alex might start to internalize this identity and associate with others who engage
in similar behavior. This could lead to a pattern of secondary deviance, where Alex
continues to shoplift as a way of fulfilling the deviant label placed upon them.
5. Positive Deviance: In contrast to shoplifting, positive deviance for Alex could
involve volunteering at a local homeless shelter or starting a community garden project to
provide fresh produce to low-income families. These actions exceed societal norms in a
positive way and contribute to the well-being of others.
 example

6. Negative Deviance: On the other hand, negative deviance for Alex

might involve engaging in substance abuse as a way of coping with the stress
and stigma associated with being caught shoplifting. This behavior falls
below societal norms and can have harmful consequences for Alex's health
and well-being.
Human dignity
and
common goods
 Human dignity and common goods

Human dignity refers to the idea that every human being has the right
to be treated with respect
and value. To be treated with dignity means honoring one's autonomy,
personhood, and free will Because culture has the capacity to shape
the symbols, language and belief systems of a collection of
individuals, it is the best channel by which human dignity and human
rights can be preserved and protected.
 Human dignity and common goods

Violations of Human Dignity

1. Humiliation - refers to any act that may diminish the self-worth of an
individual or a
group.
2. Instrumentalization or objectification - refers to the act of treating another
individual as
a means to achieve some goal.
 Human dignity and common goods

Violations of Human Dignity

3. Degredation- refers to acts that degrade the value of human beings.
4. Dehumanization - refers to acts that strip a person or a group of all its human
characteristics.
According to the United Nations, human rights are "rights inherent to all human beings
regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, or any other status."
 Human dignity and common goods

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), proclaimed in 1948 by the

United
Nations General Assembly, provided a standard of fundamental human rights that all
nations must aspire to protect.
* Some of the basic human rights include the right to life and liberty, right to freedom
of
expression, the right to quality education and adequate work opportunities, and
freedom
from slavery and torture.
 Human dignity and common goods

* the common good is defined the same way: the values,

structures and processes that are shared and are beneficial for all members of
the same
culture or society.
EXAMPLE Public services, education, knowledge, peace and order, and a
sustainable environment
are just some of the more well-known common goods today.
 common goods
Refers to:

•what is shared and advantageous for all or most members of a given society, and
•what is achieved by citizenship, be it collective action or active participation.
• “common good” refers to those facilities—whether material, cultural or
institutional—that the members of a community provide to all members in order to
fulfill a relational obligation they all have to care for certain interests that they have
in common.
 common goods
example

•the road system; public parks; police protection and public safety; courts and the
judicial system; public schools; museums and cultural institutions; public
transportation
 preamble

FIFTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
First Regular Session

Introduced by Senator Villar

 preamble
EXPLANATORY NOTE
"We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order
to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall
embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and
develop
our patrimony, and secure to ·ourselves and our posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
 preamble

justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promUlgate this
Constitution."
-The Preamble, 1987 Philippine Constitution
 preamble

The preamble of the Constitution provides that we should establish a

Government which shall "conserve and develop our patrimony/heritage." Our
"patrimony"
includes our public forests, mangroves, wildlife, and flora and fauna which should
be
conserved, protected and renewed.
 preamble
This bill is submitted honoring the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
It is a mechanism to help the sustainable development of the Philippine
environment. It
provides for a classification and percentage allocation of public forests. Protected
public
forests are envisioned to comprise at least sixty percent of all public forests.
Production
forests are proposed to comprise hot more than twenty percent and agro-forestry
 preamble
projects to cover not more than twenty percent of public forests. It is estimated
that
there are about 15 million hectares of public forest land.

The objective of this bill is to rehabilitate public forest lands and revert areas
'presently denuded and eroded to become living thriving forest reserves.
 preamble
The dismal condition of our public forests today is a sad reflection of the wanton
mistreatment and exploitative utilization we have inflicted on our forest
resources.
Ideally, our reforestation rate shoulc\ be at least five times our deforestation rate
and
should surpass deforestation within the next five years.
 preamble
The dismal condition of our public forests today is a sad reflection of the wanton
mistreatment and exploitative utilization we have inflicted on our forest
resources.
Ideally, our reforestation rate shoulc\ be at least five times our deforestation rate
and
should surpass deforestation within the next five years.
rights
 rights

Rights belong to individuals, and no organization has any rights

not directly derived from those of its members as individuals;
and, just as an individual's rights cannot extend to where they
will intrude on another individual's rights, similarly the rights
of any organization whatever must yield to those of a single
individual, whether inside or outside the organization.
 rights

* Bill of Rights
Natural rights, civil rights, political rights, economic rights as well as
rights of the accused before, during and after trial.

* Human Rights
Are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place
of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or
any other status.
 ThE Human and Peoples Rights Declaration of the Philippines

EXAMPLE
• We have the natural right to life and liberty, and are
equal in dignITY
 rights

• Civil Rights
• We have the right to liVe, TO HAVE security and property
• (Right to a transparent, credible, competent and impartial justice system,
free from influence and corruption, where wrongs are redressed and justice is
dispensed fairly, speedily and equitably)
• Right to the security and privacy of our persons and our homes
 rights

• The most common civil rights are: the prohibition of

discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, and gender; the right
to personal security, including protections for persons accused or
suspected of crimes;; and freedom of expression
 rights
Social and Cultural Rights
• We have the right to enjoy the highest standard of health.
• We have the right to be free, accessible, relevant, nationalistic, quality,
gender and culturally sensitive education, responsive to our needs, which
advances the culture of human rights.
• Children and youth have rights to special care, education, health, and
protection against all forms of abuse, discrimination, exploitation, corruption,
and conditions affecting their moral development
 rights

Social and Cultural Rights

• Men and women have reproductive rights.
The State shall recognize the rights of all couples and individuals to decide
freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and
to have the information and means to do so
 rights

Economic Rights
• The right to own land should be limited to Filipinos and shall be
guided by the principle of stewardship and subject to the demands of
the common good.
• adequate food, to adequate housing, to education, to health, to
social security, to take part in cultural life, to water and sanitation, and
to work.
 rights

Economic Rights
• We have the preferential right to the judicious cultivation, and
preservation of our natural resources which will ensure an ecological
balance that can support and sustain the total physical and economic
well being of every person, family and community.
 rights

Collective Rights
• We have the right to self-determination. This right provides us with the
freedom to develop ourselves as peoples, preserve our culture and retain our
national identity.
• We have the right to a clean, safe and sustainable environment that supports
an equitable quality of life.
 rights

Collective Rights
• We have the right to a social order, which is conducive to peace and
development. It is the duty of the State to undertake a comprehensive peace
process that reflects the sentiments, values and principles important to all peoples
of the Philippines.