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    ANTONYMS

    Uploaded by

    Cynthya AH

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ANTONYMS

    Uploaded by

    Cynthya AH
    18 views11 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views11 pages

    ANTONYMS

    Uploaded by

    Cynthya AH

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Semantics & Pragmatics

    Start!
    Semantics & Pragmatics
    Antonyms
    2.2.2 Complementaries
    2.2.3 Antonyms
    Start!
    2.2.4 Converses
    2.2.5 For senses relations compared
    ANTONYMS

    In traditional terminology
    antonyms are words which
    are opposite in meaning
    Types of antonyms 1

    1. Complementaries
    This is a relation between words such that the negative of one implies the
    positive of the other. 2
    2. Gradable antonyms
    This is a relationship between opposites where the positive of one term
    does not necessarily imply the negative of the other
    3. Reverses 3
    The characteristic reverse relation is between terms describing movement

    4. Converses
    These are terms which describe a relation between two entities from
    alternate viewpoints, as in the pairs: 4
    1. Complementaries 1

    Arises where one section is divided into two separate parts or conditions that
    cannot exist at the same time. Those opposites share this area without having
    2
    the smallest intersection. There is no possibility of an AND-relation but only
    an OR-relation.

    My dog passed away yesterday, but it is still alive. (die/


    3
    alive)

    They got married this week but she's still single


    (married/ single)
    4
    They got married this week but she's still single
    (married/ single)
    M
    2. Gradable antonyms

    This is a relationship between opposites where the positive of one term T


    does not necessarily imply the negative of the other, e.g.

    X
    -rich/ poor
    - fast/slow
    - young/old
    - beautiful/ugly. T

    F
    M
    Gradable antonyms
    This relation is typically associated with adjectives and has two major
    T
    identifying characteristics

    First characteristics Second characteristics Third characteristic


    X
    In some pairs one term is
    There are usually intermediate The terms are usually
    more basic and
    terms so that between the gradable relative, so a thick pencil is
    antonyms for example hot and cold common, so for example
    likely to be thinner
    and we can of the pair long/short, it Tis
    than a thin girl
    find: more natural to ask of
    something How long is it?
    hot (warm/ tepid /cool) cold than How short is it?
    F
    M
    3. Reverses
    The characteristic reverse relation is between terms describing movement,
    where one term describes movement in one direction ( ), and the other T

    the same movement in the opposite direction ( )

    For example
    Push/pull
    Expand/contract T
    Up/down
    Right/left

    F
    M
    4. Converses
    Converses is a kind of antonym which describes a relation between two
    T
    entities from alternate viewpoints and depend od each other. Converses
    are found in the following word classes:

    Verb Sell - James sells the house to John X


    Buy - John buys the house from James

    Noun T
    Husband - Mark is Helen’s husband.
    Wife - Helen is Mark’s wife.

    F
    M
    Converses

    Comparative Taller - Giraffes are taller than people T


    adjectives Shorter - People are shorter than giraffes.

    Prepositions Above - The pet shop is above the supermarket


    Below - The supermarket is below pet shop. T

    F
    In summary 1

    Synonyms
    2

    Complementaries

    Gradable antonyms
    3

    Reverses

    Coneverses 4

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