S. J. P. N.

TRUST’S
HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Permanently Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi
Recognized under 2(f) &12B of UGC Act, 1956
Accredited at ‘A’ Grade by NAAC & Programmes Accredited by NBA:CSE & ECE

Mechanical Engineering Department

Presented By
Shivaprabhu Patrot
2HN21ME409
Guide
Dr. S.C.Kamate
Dr. M.M.Shivashimpi
 Content
• Introduction
• What is bio fuel
• Current Trends
• Applications
• Bio mass
• Biomass Production
• Comparing energy Content
• Cultivating Alage
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Prospect for BioFuels
 Introduction
• Also known as agrofuel
• Mainly derived from biomass or
bio waste
• These fuels can be used for any
purposes, but the main use for
which they have to be brought is in
the transportation sector.
• The most important feature of
biomass is that they are renewable
sources of energy unlike other
natural resources like coal,
petroleum and even nuclear fuel.
 What is a Biofuel?
• Biofuel (AKA agrofuel): any fuel whose
energy is obtained through a process of
biological carbon fixation
• Carbon Fixation
– A chemistry process that converts carbon dioxide
into a hydrocarbon molecule (a source of energy)
that would be found in a living organism
– If this process occurs in a living organism, it is
referred to as “biological carbon fixation”
 Current Trends
• Biodiesel accounts for about 3% of the German market and
0.15% of the U.S. market.
• About 1 billion gallons of biodiesel are produced annually.
• The U.S. and Brazil produce 87% of the world's fuel
ethanol.
• More than 22 billion gallons of fuel ethanol are produced
each year.
• Ethanol is added to gasoline to improve octane and reduce
emissions.
• Biodiesel is added to petroleum-based diesel to reduce
emissions and improve engine life.
 Applications of Biofuels
• Transportation
– Leading application because vehicles require
clean, dense, high power fuels in a liquid state
– Liquids can be easily pumped and stored
• Power Generation
– solid biomass fuel like wood
• Heat
 What is Biomass?
Biomass is dead organic matter
• Examples: kernels of corn, mats of algae, stalks of sugar cane
Types of biomass
– Woody
• Examples: coconut, oil palm, poplar, pine
• Generally burned to heat space or heat water to produce
steam to generate electricity via a turbine generator
– When utilized directly: direct biomass
– Non-Woody
• Examples: corn, sugar cane, soybeans, algae
• Generally processed to produce different liquid biofuels
– Indirect biomass
Producing Biofuel from Biomass
• Biomass energy can be converted into liquid biofuels
generally in two methods:
• Method I
– Sugar crops or starch are grown and through the process of
fermentation, ethanol is produced.
• Method II
– Plants are grown which naturally produce oil, such as
jatropha and algae
– These oils are heated to reduce their viscosity after which
they are directly used as fuel for diesel engines
– This oil can be further treated to produce biodiesel which
can be used for various purposes
 Biofuels Are Counterparts
Biofuels are counterparts to traditional fossil fuels

Biofuel Fossil Fuel

Ethanol Gasoline/Ethane

Biodiesel Diesel

Methanol Methane

Biobutanol Gasoline/Butane
Comparing Energy Content
• The energy content of
biodiesel is about 90%
that of its counterpart
petroleum diesel
• The energy content of
butanol is about 80%
that of gasoline
• The energy content of
ethanol is about 50%
that of gasoline
 Why Renewable?
• Biofuels are produced from biomass or bio
waste, which can be replenished year after
year through sustainable farming practices
– Biomass and biofuel are renewable
• Fossil fuels require millions of years to form
– Fossil fuels are NOT renewable
 Green Energy?
• “Renewable” is NOT the same as “Green”
• A renewable energy source simply does not deplete
– Example: solar, wind, hydroelectric
• A “green” energy is ALSO good for the planet because it
does not harm ecosystems, contribute to acid rain, or
worsen global warming
• Solar energy is green and renewable
• All 'green' energy is considered renewable, but not all
renewable energy is green
• Biofuels are examples of renewable energy sources that are
not always green because they produce greenhouse gases
 Cultivating Algae
• For all three cultivation techniques, algae are able to
be grown almost anywhere that temperatures are
warm enough. This means that no farm land need be
threatened by algae. Closed-loop and photobioreactor
systems have even been used in desert settings.
• What is more, algae can be grown in waste water,
which means they can offer secondary benefits by
helping to digest municipal waste while avoiding
taking up any additional land. All of the factors above
combine to make algae easier to cultivate than
traditional biofuels.
 Advantages of Biofuels
• They are renewable sources of energy unlike other
natural resources like coal, petroleum and even
nuclear fuel.
• Biofuels are the best way of reducing the emission of
the greenhouse gases.
• Energy density: fossil fuels carry enough energy in a
small enough space to make them very practical for a
number of uses.
• Availability of Biofuels
• Environmental Impact
 Disadvantages of Biofuels
• Regional Suitability
• Food Security
• Land Use Changes
• Impact on Biodiversity
• Global Warming
• http://biofuel.org.uk/disadvantages-of-biofuels
.html
 Prospects for Biofuel
• A decade ago, subsidies for biofuel growth and development
in many countries (especially the U.S.) were high.
• However, better understanding of global warming, increased
awareness of the fragility of the food supply, and a general
trend toward “greener” alternatives have all led to a decline in
the popularity of biofuels.
• In 2011, The U.S. Senate voted 73 to 27 to end tax credits and
trade protections for corn-based ethanol production. As the
second largest producer of ethanol, this is a substantial move
that reflects the changing pressures on our energy needs and
shifted focus to environmentally friendly energy sources.
References
• http://biofuel.org.uk/advantages-of-biofuels.html
• http://biofuel.org.uk/disadvantages-of-biofuels.html
• http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-facts.html
• http://www.energy4me.org/energy-facts/energy-sources/biofuels/3/
• http://www.energy4me.org/energy-facts/energy-sources/biofuels/3/
• http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-facts.html
• https://www.google.com/search?q=Biofuels&biw=790&bih=639&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ei=mZROVOfXE-PuigLu5oGYCQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg#imgdii=_