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    Ancient Philosophers I

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    Shin Nozen
    The document discusses the ancient Greek philosophers known as the Pre-Socratics, who were the first Western philosophers and focused on rationality and naturalistic explanations rather than mythology. It specifically outlines the Milesian school, including Thales, who proposed water as the primary element, Anaximander, who speculated about the boundless origin of all things, and Anaximenes, who proposed air as the source of all things.

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    Ancient Philosophers I

    Uploaded by

    Shin Nozen
    10 views11 pages
    The document discusses the ancient Greek philosophers known as the Pre-Socratics, who were the first Western philosophers and focused on rationality and naturalistic explanations rather than mythology. It specifically outlines the Milesian school, including Thales, who proposed water as the primary element, Anaximander, who speculated about the boundless origin of all things, and Anaximenes, who proposed air as the source of all things.

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    Ancient-philosophers-I

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    The document discusses the ancient Greek philosophers known as the Pre-Socratics, who were the first Western philosophers and focused on rationality and naturalistic explanations rather than mythology. It specifically outlines the Milesian school, including Thales, who proposed water as the primary element, Anaximander, who speculated about the boundless origin of all things, and Anaximenes, who proposed air as the source of all things.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views11 pages

    Ancient Philosophers I

    Uploaded by

    Shin Nozen
    The document discusses the ancient Greek philosophers known as the Pre-Socratics, who were the first Western philosophers and focused on rationality and naturalistic explanations rather than mythology. It specifically outlines the Milesian school, including Thales, who proposed water as the primary element, Anaximander, who speculated about the boundless origin of all things, and Anaximenes, who proposed air as the source of all things.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    ANCIENT

    PHILOSOPHERS I
    (THE PRE-SOCRATICS)
    Pre-Socratics
    ■ Western philosophy began in ancient Greece in the 6th century BCE.
    ■ They were interested in a wide variety of topics, especially in what we now
    think of as natural science rather than philosophy.
    ■ These early thinkers often sought naturalistic explanations and causes
    for physical phenomena.
    ■ In most cases, did not entirely abandon theistic or religious notions, but
    they characteristically posed challenges to traditional ways of thinking.
    ■ The foundation of Pre-Socratic thought is the preference and esteem
    given to rational thought and argumentation over mythologizing.
    ■ This movement towards rationality and argumentation would pave the
    way for the course Western thought.
    1. Milesian School
    ■ The first Pre-Socratic philosophers were from Miletus on the western
    coast of Anatolia, also referred as the early Ionian philosophers.
    However, the Milesian philosophers do have connections that are not
    merely geographical.
    ■ Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes each broke with the poetic
    and mythological tradition handed down by Hesiod and Homer.
    ■ They were Protoscientists, concerned with cosmogony, which was the
    generation of the cosmos; and cosmology, the study of or inquiry into
    the nature of the cosmos.
    ■ Their cosmogonies and cosmologies are oriented primarily by
    naturalistic explanations, descriptions, and conjectures, rather than
    traditional mythology.
    ■ Milesians ostensibly sought to explain the cosmos on its own terms,
    rather than pointing to the gods as the causes or progenitors of all
    natural phenomena.
    1. Milesian School
    A. Thales of Miletus
    (c. 620 BCE c. 546 BCE)
    ■ Thales was interested in almost everything, investigating almost all
    areas of knowledge, philosophy, history, science, mathematics,
    engineering, geography, and politics.
    ■ He proposed theories to explain many of the events of nature, the
    primary substance, the support of the earth, and the cause of change.
    ■ Thales was much involved in the problems of astronomy and provided a
    number of explanations of cosmological events which traditionally
    involved supernatural entities.
    ■ He believes that the primary element of reality is water. He said that
    everything comes from water. The world is nourished by water.
    ■ He had explained that water is a substance that is capable of changing
    to the other elements in different conditions
    ■ Thales proposed a single congress for Ionia, effectively centralizing the
    governmental powers, and making Ionia a single state
    A. Thales of Miletus
    (c. 620 BCE c. 546 BCE)
    B. Anaximander
    (c. 610-546 BCE)
    ■ The author of the first surviving lines of Western philosophy.
    ■ He speculated and argued about "the Boundless" as the origin of all that is.
    ■ He was the first metaphysician.
    ■ By drawing a map of the world, he was the first geographer.
    ■ He also worked on the fields of what we now call geography and biology.
    ■ He was the first speculative astronomer. He originated the world-picture of the
    open universe, which replaced the closed universe of the celestial vault.
    ■ Anaximander said that all life comes from the sea and that in the course of
    time living things came out of the sea to dry land.
    ■ He suggested that people evolved from creatures of a different kind. From this
    process, opposing forces are inevitable which caused conflict and injustice
    among living things (human). Like humans, injustice to others deserves
    destruction and suffers punishment form reparation to one another for their
    injustice.
    B. Anaximander
    (c. 610-546 BCE)
    C. Anaximenes
    (d. 528 BCE)
    ■ Anaximenes flourished in the mid 6th century B.C.E. and died about
    528.
    ■ Anaximenes was an inhabitant of Miletus, in lonia (ancient Greece).
    ■ Anaximenes was an associate, and possibly a student of Anaximander.
    ■ Best known for his doctrine that air is the source of all things.
    ■ Anaximander thought that all things came from an unspecified
    boundless stuff.
    ■ Anaximenes added that things are what they are by virtue of how
    condensed or expanded the air is that makes up those things.
    ■ Differences in quality among things depend on the differences of
    quantity.
    C. Anaximenes
    (d. 528 BCE)
    THANK YOU!

    Arjun D. Villaceran Sobih Elijah L. Delgado


    Instructor Demonstrator

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