Last Minute Revision Topics

Grade 9 End Term

Ch. 1 India Size and Location

Occupies 2.4 % of total

Area of 3.28 million sq. Seventh largest country Land boundary of about
geographical area of the
km. of the world 15,200 km.
world.

The latitudinal extent of India's longitudinal

India from Kashmir in extent from the Rann of
Coast line including the
the north to Kutch in the west to
Islands is 7, 516.6 km.
Kanyakumari in the Arunachal Pradesh in
south is 3,214 km. the east is 2,933 km.
Countries larger than India in size:

Rohan [Russia]
Can [Canada]
Use [USA]
Crayons [China]
Better than [Brazil]
Aman [Australia]
 Strategic Location

Central location between East and West Asia.

Southward extension of Asian continent.
Its location connects India to countries of Europe in West and the countries of East Asia.
Deccan Peninsula protrudes into Indian Ocean, helping India to establish contact with West
Asia, Africa and Europe.
No country has so long coastline.
India’s position in India Ocean justifies the naming of an Ocean after it.
India and the World
• India’s contacts with the World by the land routes are much older than her maritime contacts.
• The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the ancient
travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time.
• These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times.
• The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals
and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world.
• The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries.
• On the other hand, the influence of Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of dome and
minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our country.
Concept 2 – The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh
as compared to Gujarat in the west but the watches show the same
time. How does this happen?
The earth rotates from west to east. Hence, the Eastern longitudes see the sunrise prior to
the western longitudes.
There is a time difference of 4 minutes on every longitude.
There is a span of almost 30 degrees from the westernmost to the easternmost longitude.
Hence there is a difference of 4x30 = 120 minutes [ two hours] between the local time of
Gujarat in the west to Arunachal in the East.
To avoid the difference of local time, the entire country observes the standard time which
is calculated from 82 ½ degrees East longitude i.e. the standard meridian of India.
Therefore the watches show the same time inspite of two hours difference between the
sunrise from west to east.
Concept 3 - Why is 82 ½ degrees East longitude considered as the
Standard Meridian of India?
The world is divided into 24 time zones of 1 hour each.
Each time zone has a span of 15 degrees* of longitudes. [ *4 minutes difference on 1 degree; hence
60 minutes difference on – 60/4= 15degrees]
There is a central meridian of 7 ½ degrees as the standard meridian of each time zone.
Therefore each country has to choose a standard meridian that coincides with the international time
zones that has to be a multiple of 7 ½ or 15 degrees.
The central meridian of India is closest to the 82 ½ East degrees that is a multiple of 7 ½ degrees.
Hence, it was chosen as a the standard meridian of India.
CH. 2 PHYSICAL FEATURES
OF INDIA
 Himadri Himachal Shivaliks
Also The Great or Inner The lesser or the Middle The Outer Himalayas
Himalayas Himalayas
known as

Average 6,000 metres. 3,700 and 4,500 metres 900 and 1100 metres
average width is of 50
elevation Km

Importan Mt. Everest Nepal 8848 Ranges - Pir Panjal range The longitudinal valley
Kanchenjunga India 8598 Dhaula Dhar and lying between lesser
t peaks , Nanda Devi India 7817 Mahabharat ranges Himalaya and the Shiwaliks
ranges Kamet India 7756 Valleys - Kashmir, the are known as Duns. Dehra
and Namcha Barwa India 7756 Kangra and Kullu Valley Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli
in Himachal Pradesh Dun are some of the well-
valleys
known Duns.

Geologica The core of this part of The ranges are mainly These ranges are composed
Himalayas is composed of composed of highly of unconsolidated sediments
l granite compressed and altered brought down by rivers .
Structure rocks.

Specific It is perennially snow This region is well known These valleys are covered
bound, and a number of for its hill stations - with thick gravel and
Characte glaciers descend from this Mussoorie, Nainital, alluvium
ristcs range. Ranikhet
Regional Divisions of Himalayas

Purvanchal
1. Division of Northern
plains as per river valleys
• The northern plain is divided into three sections, viz. the
Punjab Plain, the Ganga Plain and the Brahmaputra Plain.
• Punjab Plains: The Punjab plains form the western part
of the northern plain. This is formed by the Indus and its
tributaries; like Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. A
major portion of this plains is in Pakistan. Doabs abound
in this plain.
• Ganga Plains: This plain extends between Ghaggar and
Tista rivers. The northern states, Haryana, Delhi, UP,
Bihar, part of Jharkhand and West Bengal lie in the
Ganga plains.
• Brahmaputra Plains: This plain forms the eastern part
of the northern plain and lies in Assam.
 on the basis of physiography

• The newer fertile alluvium deposits of the flood plains

are called Khadar
BANGAR AND BHABAR TERAI
KHADAR
 ANDAMAN &
LAKSHADWEEP NICOBAR

DIFFERENCE SIMILARITIE DIFFERENCE

S S S
They have a volcanic origin.
They are formed by the
These are believed to be the
deposition of coral reefs, so are
elevated portions of submarine
called coral islands.
mountains
Both inhabit great diversity of
flora and fauna

They are scattered and form a They are elongated and form an
circular shape. arch shape.

they lie in the south west of they lie in the southeast of india
india in the Arabian sea in the bay of Bengal.
Both located close to equator
and hence experience
equatorial climate
India’s only volcano is found on
Pitti island is uninhabited and
the barren island of Andaman &
has a bird sanctuary
Nicobar islands
CH. 3 DRAINAGE
River Source of the river Major Tributaries Mouth of the river
Indus River The river Indus rises in Headstreams in Ladakh Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.
System Tibet, near Lake the Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and the Hunza
Mansarowar. The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the
Jhelum
Ganga River ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Himalayan Tributaries The delta formed by these rivers is
System Gangotri Glacier and joined the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi. known as the Sundarban Delta.
by the Alaknanda at Peninsular Tributaries
Devprayag in Uttarakhand. the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son

Brahmaputra The Brahmaputra rises in Dihang , the Dibang, the Lohit, the Bay of Bengal. The delta formed
River System Tibet east of Mansarowar by these rivers is known as the
Sundarban Delta.
Narmada Basin Amarkantak hills in Falls in Arabian sea through an
Madhya Pradesh. estuary
The Tapi Basin Satpura ranges, in Madhya Falls in Arabian sea through an
Pradesh. estuary
The Mahanadi highlands of Chhattisgarh. It flows through Odisha to reach the
Basin Bay of Bengal.
The Godavari Western Ghats in the Nasik Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
Basin Wainganga and the Penganga
The Krishna Rising from a spring near The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
Basin Mahabaleshwar and the Bhima are some of its tributaries
The Kaveri Basin Western Ghats Its main tributaries are Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in south
Kabini. of Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu.
END TERM MAP LIST
 Nepal Bangladesh Myanmar
Sikkim West Bengal Arunachal
West Bengal Assam Pradesh
Bihar Meghalaya Nagaland
Uttarakhand Tripura Manipur
Uttar Pradesh Mizoram
 States sharing boundaries with these
neighbouring countries

Pakistan China Bhutan

Jammu & Jammu & Sikkim
Kashmir Kashmir Arunachal
Punjab Himachal Pradesh
Rajasthan Pradesh West Bengal
Gujarat Uttarakhand Assam
Sikkim
Arunachal
Pradesh
MAP LIST
CH.2
MAP LIST
CH. 3
CH. 4 MAP LIST