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L1-Introduction To Computers and C Programming

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16 views

L1-Introduction To Computers and C Programming

Uploaded by

Mohd Atik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Introduction to Computers

and C++ Programming


Lecture 1
Outline
Main Components of a Computer

CPU

Main memory
00011111
Input device(s) 10101100 Output device(s)
11100011

Secondary memory
Bytes and Addresses

• Main memory is divided into numbered locations called


bytes.

• The number associated with a byte is called its address.


• A group of consecutive bytes is used as the location for a
a data item, such as a number or letter. The address of the
first byte in the group is used as the address of this larger
memory location.
Computer Systems
Haedware

PCs Workstations Mainframes

Software

Operating
Programs
System
What is a program?

• A program is set of instructions for a computer to follow


• Whenever we give a computer both a program to follow
and some data for the program, we are said to be
running the program on the data, and the computer is
said to execute the program on the data.
Languages

High Level Languages


 C++
 Java

Low Level Languages


 Assembly Language
• Add X Y Z
 Machine Language
• 00011101
Compilers

Programs that translate a high-level language like C++ to a


machine-language that the computer can directly
understand and execute.
Preparing a C++ program for Running
C++ program
Source Code

Compiler
Object code for
other routines

Object code for C++


program Linker
Program Design Process
Problem-solving phase Implementation phase

Start

Translating
Problem to C++
definition

Testing
Algorithm
design

Desktop Working
testing Program
The Software Development
Method

1. Specify the problem requirements.


2. Analyze the problem.
Input:
Output:
Formulas:
3. Design the algorithm to solve the problem.
4. Implement the algorithm.
5. Test and verify the completed program.
6. Maintain and update the program.
The Software Life Cycle

1. Analysis and specification of the task (problem


definition)
2. Design of the software (algorithm design)
3. Implementation (coding)
4. Testing
5. Maintenance and evolution of the system
6. Obsolescense
Introduction to C++
BCPL

B programming language

• Dennis Ritchie
C programming language • 1970s

• Bjarne Stroustrap
•
C++ 1980s
Layout of a C++ Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Program starts here
int main()
{
Variable_Declarations

Statement_1
Statement_2
…
Statement_Last

return 0;
} Program ends here
Layout of a C++ Program
#include <iostream> include directive
using namespace std;
standard namespace
int main()
{ main function
Variable_Declarations

Statement_1
Statement_2 executable statements
…
Statement_Last

return 0; return statement


}
Sample C++ Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number1, number2, sum;

cout << "Enter first number: ";


cin >> number1;

cout << "Enter second number: ";


cin >> number2;

sum = number1 + number2;

cout << "Sum = " << sum << “\n”;

return 0;
}
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
Testing and Debugging

Bug
A mistake/error in the program

Debugging
The process of eliminating bugs in a program
Testing and Debugging

• Types of program errors:


• Syntax errors
• Violations of the rules of the programming language
• Run-time errors
• Detected by computers when the program is run (numeric
calcualtions)
• Logic errors
• Mistakes in the underlying algorithm or translating the algorithm
into C++ language
Sample C++ Program
Try this: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

Write a program that int main()


{
displays the product
of two integers int number1, number2, product;

cout << "Enter first number: ";


cin >> number1;

cout << "Enter second number: ";


cin >> number2;

product =…………………..?

cout << “Product = " << product << “\n”;

return 0;
}
Thank You

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