DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, INTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA

Present by –
Sachin Kumar Chaudhary Roll. No. - 2214910010048
Sarlesh Chauhan Roll. No.- 2214910010052
Jagriti Yadav Roll. No. - 2214910010038
Janhvi Yadav Roll. No.- 2214910010039
Km Sangya Roll. No. - 2214910010051
 Contents
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Literature review
4. Components
5. Impact assessment
6. Working and principal
7. Result and discussion
Conclusion
Reference
 Abstract
 As we all know the fuel prices especially the petrol is rising steadily day by
day. Again the pollution due to vehicles in urban areas is increasing
continuously. To overcome these problems, an effort is being made to search
some other alternative sources of energy for the vehicles. Again, it is also not
affordable to purchase vehicles for all the class of society. Keeping this in
mind, a search for some way to cater these economically poor people as well
as to provide a solution for the environmental pollution was in progress. The
solar bicycle developed is driven by DC motor fitted in front or rear axle
housing & operated by solar energy.
 The solar panels mounted on the carriage will charge the battery & which in
turn drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle, the solar panel will charge
the battery. This arrangement will replace the petrol engine, the gear box & the
fuel tank in case of a two wheeler or a chain sprocket , chain & gear shifting
arrangement of a conventional bicycle being used by most common man.
 1. Introduction
Because of the growing number of cars, the demand for petroleum products is at its
highest point right now. Since petroleum is not renewable and could eventually run
out, it is preferable to switch to alternative energy sources. Over the past few years,
there has been a huge rise in the price of crude oil, and it seems there is no stopping it.
The environment has recently received attention, and it appears that there is a
pressing need for cleaner fuel choices. The hybrid bicycle is an initiative that can
support less reliance on oil and cleaner technologies.
A cheap substitute for a car is an electric bicycle. The battery is charged using
dynamo power and solar energy. The battery can be recharged by an electric source
when there is no sunlight. main idea of this project and to get a larger picture on what
is the problem in the current technologies, what that I want to achieve in this project
and the area that will cover on this project that we need to know such as what will be
the prime mover, how to stored it and the advantages of this new vehicles.
1. Objective
 To develop a vehicle that use renewable energy, environmentally friendly and
cheap.
 To develop an electrical bicycle that can charge the battery when it is not in used.
 To develop low speed bicycle, but for a longer distance.
2. Methodology
• The solar assisted bicycle consist of following components (figure) hub motor,
solar panel, voltage regulator, lead acid battery, motor controller,
accelerator, bicycle.
 3. Literature Review
 As what had been mention earlier, there are several types of bicycle that can be
categories that is paddle bicycle, motorized bicycle, and electric bicycle. The
weakness of the bicycle make people do not like to used bicycle. First, paddle
bicycle need a lot of energy to paddle the bicycle. The user will surely be tired
after used the bicycle. This will not suitable for student to use to go to the class
because they will be tired when they are in the class and will lost their
concentration while hearing the lecture. Next, motorize bicycle that used fuel as it
prime mover. The bicycle use fuel that is costly. As a student, their allowance is
limited and only can be used for their study material and for their food to survive
at the campus. Besides that, motorize bicycle will make pollution that can be very
bad for our environment especially in this period that global warming happen to
the earth. Lastly, electric bicycle that generate by battery can be only be sufficient
for about an hour. The user needs to find power supply to.
• The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze, identify and make conclusion
based on the research. A literature review means a collecting related data,
analyzesis business process, identify underlying patterns and create the
conclusion. Another description of the literature review is a systematic, explicit
and reproducible method to identifying, evaluating and synthesizing the existing
body of completed and recorded work produced by researcher, scholars and
practitioners .In order to develop a successful project, the current systems are
identified.
• The system of conventional electric powered bicycle, solar system and its
connection have been analyzed. Studies of these systems are significant
to develop a valid, reliable and efficient upgrade project. The Literature
Review part acts as a mean to discover which methodology should be
chosen in developing this system. The following papers are being studied and
are referred for the project. These papers belong to various authors,
having various papers related to the solar powered cycle.
4. Components
1. Hub Motor
• The hub motor is a conventional DC motor. The rotor is outside the stator with
the permanent magnets mounted on inside. The stator is mounted and fixed
on to the axle and the hub will be made to rotate by alternating currents
supplied
through batteries. Hub motor generates high torque at low speed, which is
highly efficient and which doesn’t need sprockets, brackets and drive chains.
This means they are very reliable and have a long life. The main characteristic
of Brushless DC Machines is that they may be controlled to give wide constant
power speed ranges.
4.2. Solar Panels
• The bicycle is operated by solar energy. The lead acid battery is charged with sol energy
with the help of a solar cell. Solar cells convert the energy of sunlight directly
into electricity through the use of the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect
involves the creation of a voltage into an electro-magnetic radiation.
• Solar cells are electrically connected and fabricated as a module with a sheet of glass on
top to allow light to pass and protect the semiconductor from the weather. To
obtain a desired peak DC voltage we will add solar cells in series, and to obtain a
desired peak current, the solar cells are put in parallel position.
4.3.Voltage Regulator
• It is essential to regulate the voltage output from the solar panel before it is supplied
to the battery. A voltage regulator is a power converter with an output DC voltage
greater than the input DC voltage. This is used to regulate an input voltage to a higher
regulated voltage.
4.4. Lead Acid Battery
• Lead acid batteries are one of the most popular types of battery in electronics.
Although slightly lower in energy density than lithium metal, lead acid is
safe provided certain precautions are met when charging and discharging.
This have a many advantages over other conventional types of batteries, the
lead acid battery is the optimum choice for a solar assisted bicycle. Current supplied
from battery indicates the flow of energy from the battery and is measured in amperes.
The higher the current flow faster the battery will discharge. A battery is rated in
ampere-hours (abbreviated Ah) and this is called the battery capacity.
4.5. Motor Controller
The motor controller is an important component of the system. It is essential to
control the amount of power supplied and to drive the BLDC hub motor. The
controller converts the DC voltage from battery to an alternating voltage with
variable amplitude and frequency that drive the hub motor at different speeds. It
basically consists of MOSFET transistors and small microprocessor that vary from
detecting any malfunctions with the motor hall sensors, the throttle, to protect
functions against excessive current and under-voltage, which are ideal for protecting
the system.
4.6. Accelerator Throttle
The maximum speed of a bicycle is 20-25 km/h. It is required to vary the
speed depending upon the road conditions & traffic. Therefore an accelerator
or a throttle is necessary.
5. Impact Assessment
1.Who are the stakeholders of the project/proposed
action? Ans- Students who are carrying out the project work.
2.Are project objectives consistent with their needs, interests and
capacity? c
Ans- Yes, the objectives satisfy the need for the present investigation on
current scenario of increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and
due to gradual end of the non-renewable sources of energy we have to alter the
source of our energy ine our vehicles.
6. Working Principal
• The solar bicycle is driven by hub motor fitted in front axle housing & operated by
solar energy. The solar panel mounted on the carriage is charge the battery & which
in turn drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle during the day, the solar panel
will charge the battery. The system will make bicycle operate more efficiently
The basic configuration of an solar bicycle drive consists of a controller that
controls the power flow from the battery to the electric motor. This power flow
acts in parallel with the power delivered by the rider via the pedal of the
bike. The rider of an solar bicycle can choose to rely on the motor completely,
pedal and use the motor at the same time or pedal only (use as a conventional
bicycle).
Advantages
• Noise free
• Pollution free
• Affordable price
• Fewer mechanical components & less maintenance.
• Its runs on rechargeable batteries.
7. Results and Discussion
The battery takes about 6 hours to charge with the solar panel, hence a total of 80
kilometres can be traversed in one day (if we were to consider that the sun is
available for roughly 12 hours/day). The power capacity of the lithium-ion battery
used is about 432 Wh (multiplying the current capacity and the voltage). In the
UAE, the rate applied on an electric vehicle being charged with 1 unit of power is
approximately 30 fils (0.082 USD). If we were to charge our 432 Wh lithium ion
battery using an AC-to-DC charger, it would cost around 13 fils. With this, a
distance of 40 kilometres can be traversed with ease. Moreover, the mechanism of
this bicycle has been designed in a failsafe manner when it comes to transport
capability. If it were to start raining and clouds were to deeply line the sky, the
portable charger that comes with this could keep one going. Nonetheless, if all fails,
the pedals still work, and the bicycle can be used manually
 Conclusion
• Due to the growing number of cars, the demand for petroleum products is currently
at an all-time high. It is advisable to transition to alternative energy sources
because petroleum is not renewable and will ultimately run out. Crude oil
prices have soared in recent years, and it seems impossible to stop
them. Recent environmental concerns have garnered attention, and it would
seem that cleaner fuel alternatives are highly sought after. The hybrid bicycle is
an initiative that can support the development of greener technology while
reducing reliance on oil.
• A cheap substitute for an automobile is an electric bicycle. The battery is charged
using solar energy and dynamo energy. The battery can be recharged by an
• Electric source when there isn’t any sunlight.
 References
1. Branquinho, L. (2021, June 14). How do electric bikes work? cyclingnews.com. Retrieved
2. April 28, 2022, from https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/how-do-electric-bikes-work/
3.Singh, R., Gaur, M. K., Malvi, C. S. "Study of Solar Energy Operated Hybrid Mild Cars:
A Review." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology. 1(4), pp. 139-148.
2012.
4.Bachche, A. B., Hanamapure, N. S. "Design and Development of solar assist Bicycle."
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technolog (IJEIT). 2(6), pp. 452-457. 2012
5.The Pandit G. Patil, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory
“Advanced Battery Technology for Electric Two-Wheelers” Journal of Energy Systems
Division, Argonne National LaboratoryJune 2009.
6.Jean-Marc Timmermns1, Julien Matheys, Philippe Lataire, Joeri Van Mierlo, Jan Cappelle2
“A Comparative Study of 12 Electrically Assisted Bicycles” World ElectricVehicle Journal Vol.
3 - ISSN 2032-6653 - © 2009 AVERE.